dependencymanager/core/src/main/java/org/apache/felix/dm/tracker/ServiceTracker.java

package org.apache.felix.dm.tracker;
/*
 * Copyright (c) OSGi Alliance (2000, 2009). All Rights Reserved.
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import org.apache.felix.dm.DependencyManager;
import org.apache.felix.dm.ServiceUtil;
import org.osgi.framework.AllServiceListener;
import org.osgi.framework.BundleContext;
import org.osgi.framework.Constants;
import org.osgi.framework.Filter;
import org.osgi.framework.InvalidSyntaxException;
import org.osgi.framework.ServiceEvent;
import org.osgi.framework.ServiceListener;
import org.osgi.framework.ServiceReference;
import org.osgi.framework.Version;

/**
 * The <code>ServiceTracker</code> class simplifies using services from the
 * Framework's service registry.
 * <p>
 * A <code>ServiceTracker</code> object is constructed with search criteria and
 * a <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> object. A <code>ServiceTracker</code>
 * can use a <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> to customize the service
 * objects to be tracked. The <code>ServiceTracker</code> can then be opened to
 * begin tracking all services in the Framework's service registry that match
 * the specified search criteria. The <code>ServiceTracker</code> correctly
 * handles all of the details of listening to <code>ServiceEvent</code>s and
 * getting and ungetting services.
 * <p>
 * The <code>getServiceReferences</code> method can be called to get references
 * to the services being tracked. The <code>getService</code> and
 * <code>getServices</code> methods can be called to get the service objects for
 * the tracked service.
 * <p>
 * The <code>ServiceTracker</code> class is thread-safe. It does not call a
 * <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> while holding any locks.
 * <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> implementations must also be
 * thread-safe.
 * 
 * @ThreadSafe
 * @version $Revision: 6386 $
 */
public class ServiceTracker implements ServiceTrackerCustomizer {
	/* set this to true to compile in debug messages */
	static final boolean				DEBUG			= false;
	/**
	 * The Bundle Context used by this <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 */
	protected final BundleContext		context;
	/**
	 * The Filter used by this <code>ServiceTracker</code> which specifies the
	 * search criteria for the services to track.
	 * 
	 * @since 1.1
	 */
	protected final Filter				filter;
	/**
	 * The <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> for this tracker.
	 */
	final ServiceTrackerCustomizer		customizer;
	/**
	 * Filter string for use when adding the ServiceListener. If this field is
	 * set, then certain optimizations can be taken since we don't have a user
	 * supplied filter.
	 */
	final String						listenerFilter;
	/**
	 * Class name to be tracked. If this field is set, then we are tracking by
	 * class name.
	 */
	private final String				trackClass;
	/**
	 * Reference to be tracked. If this field is set, then we are tracking a
	 * single ServiceReference.
	 */
	private final ServiceReference		trackReference;
	/**
	 * Tracked services: <code>ServiceReference</code> -> customized Object and
	 * <code>ServiceListener</code> object
	 */
	private volatile Tracked			tracked;

	/**
	 * Accessor method for the current Tracked object. This method is only
	 * intended to be used by the unsynchronized methods which do not modify the
	 * tracked field.
	 * 
	 * @return The current Tracked object.
	 */
	private Tracked tracked() {
		return tracked;
	}

	/**
	 * Cached ServiceReference for getServiceReference.
	 * 
	 * This field is volatile since it is accessed by multiple threads.
	 */
	private volatile ServiceReference	cachedReference;
	/**
	 * Cached service object for getService.
	 * 
	 * This field is volatile since it is accessed by multiple threads.
	 */
	private volatile Object				cachedService;

	/**
	 * org.osgi.framework package version which introduced
	 * {@link ServiceEvent#MODIFIED_ENDMATCH}
	 */
	private static final Version		endMatchVersion	= new Version(1, 5, 0);

	/**
	 * Flag that gets set when opening the tracker, determines if the tracker should
	 * track all aspects or just the highest ranked ones.
	 */
    public boolean m_trackAllAspects;

	/**
	 * Create a <code>ServiceTracker</code> on the specified
	 * <code>ServiceReference</code>.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * The service referenced by the specified <code>ServiceReference</code>
	 * will be tracked by this <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * @param context The <code>BundleContext</code> against which the tracking
	 *        is done.
	 * @param reference The <code>ServiceReference</code> for the service to be
	 *        tracked.
	 * @param customizer The customizer object to call when services are added,
	 *        modified, or removed in this <code>ServiceTracker</code>. If
	 *        customizer is <code>null</code>, then this
	 *        <code>ServiceTracker</code> will be used as the
	 *        <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> and this
	 *        <code>ServiceTracker</code> will call the
	 *        <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> methods on itself.
	 */
	public ServiceTracker(final BundleContext context,
			final ServiceReference reference,
			final ServiceTrackerCustomizer customizer) {
		this.context = context;
		this.trackReference = reference;
		this.trackClass = null;
		this.customizer = (customizer == null) ? this : customizer;
		this.listenerFilter = "(" + Constants.SERVICE_ID + "="
				+ reference.getProperty(Constants.SERVICE_ID).toString() + ")"; 
		try {
			this.filter = context.createFilter(listenerFilter);
		}
		catch (InvalidSyntaxException e) {
			/*
			 * we could only get this exception if the ServiceReference was
			 * invalid
			 */
			IllegalArgumentException iae = new IllegalArgumentException(
					"unexpected InvalidSyntaxException: " + e.getMessage());
			iae.initCause(e);
			throw iae;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Create a <code>ServiceTracker</code> on the specified class name.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * Services registered under the specified class name will be tracked by
	 * this <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * @param context The <code>BundleContext</code> against which the tracking
	 *        is done.
	 * @param clazz The class name of the services to be tracked.
	 * @param customizer The customizer object to call when services are added,
	 *        modified, or removed in this <code>ServiceTracker</code>. If
	 *        customizer is <code>null</code>, then this
	 *        <code>ServiceTracker</code> will be used as the
	 *        <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> and this
	 *        <code>ServiceTracker</code> will call the
	 *        <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> methods on itself.
	 */
	public ServiceTracker(final BundleContext context, final String clazz,
			final ServiceTrackerCustomizer customizer) {
		this.context = context;
		this.trackReference = null;
		this.trackClass = clazz;
		this.customizer = (customizer == null) ? this : customizer;
		// we call clazz.toString to verify clazz is non-null!
		this.listenerFilter = "(" + Constants.OBJECTCLASS + "="
				+ clazz.toString() + ")"; 
		try {
			this.filter = context.createFilter(listenerFilter);
		}
		catch (InvalidSyntaxException e) {
			/*
			 * we could only get this exception if the clazz argument was
			 * malformed
			 */
			IllegalArgumentException iae = new IllegalArgumentException(
					"unexpected InvalidSyntaxException: " + e.getMessage());
			iae.initCause(e);
			throw iae;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Create a <code>ServiceTracker</code> on the specified <code>Filter</code>
	 * object.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * Services which match the specified <code>Filter</code> object will be
	 * tracked by this <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * @param context The <code>BundleContext</code> against which the tracking
	 *        is done.
	 * @param filter The <code>Filter</code> to select the services to be
	 *        tracked.
	 * @param customizer The customizer object to call when services are added,
	 *        modified, or removed in this <code>ServiceTracker</code>. If
	 *        customizer is null, then this <code>ServiceTracker</code> will be
	 *        used as the <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> and this
	 *        <code>ServiceTracker</code> will call the
	 *        <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> methods on itself.
	 * @since 1.1
	 */
	public ServiceTracker(final BundleContext context, final Filter filter,
			final ServiceTrackerCustomizer customizer) {
		this.context = context;
		this.trackReference = null;
		this.trackClass = null;
		final Version frameworkVersion = (Version) AccessController
				.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
					public Object run() {
						String version = context
								.getProperty(Constants.FRAMEWORK_VERSION);
						return (version == null) ? Version.emptyVersion
								: new Version(version);
					}
				});
		final boolean endMatchSupported = (frameworkVersion
				.compareTo(endMatchVersion) >= 0);
		this.listenerFilter = endMatchSupported ? filter.toString() : null;
		this.filter = filter;
		this.customizer = (customizer == null) ? this : customizer;
		if ((context == null) || (filter == null)) {
			/*
			 * we throw a NPE here to be consistent with the other constructors
			 */
			throw new NullPointerException();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Open this <code>ServiceTracker</code> and begin tracking services.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This implementation calls <code>open(false)</code>.
	 * 
	 * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If the <code>BundleContext</code>
	 *         with which this <code>ServiceTracker</code> was created is no
	 *         longer valid.
	 * @see #open(boolean)
	 */
	public void open() {
		open(false);
	}

	/**
	 * Open this <code>ServiceTracker</code> and begin tracking services.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * Services which match the search criteria specified when this
	 * <code>ServiceTracker</code> was created are now tracked by this
	 * <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * @param trackAllServices If <code>true</code>, then this
	 *        <code>ServiceTracker</code> will track all matching services
	 *        regardless of class loader accessibility. If <code>false</code>,
	 *        then this <code>ServiceTracker</code> will only track matching
	 *        services which are class loader accessible to the bundle whose
	 *        <code>BundleContext</code> is used by this
	 *        <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If the <code>BundleContext</code>
	 *         with which this <code>ServiceTracker</code> was created is no
	 *         longer valid.
	 * @since 1.3
	 */
    public void open(boolean trackAllServices) {
        open(trackAllServices, false);
    }
	
    /**
     * Open this <code>ServiceTracker</code> and begin tracking services.
     * 
     * <p>
     * Services which match the search criteria specified when this
     * <code>ServiceTracker</code> was created are now tracked by this
     * <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
     * 
     * @param trackAllServices If <code>true</code>, then this
     *        <code>ServiceTracker</code> will track all matching services
     *        regardless of class loader accessibility. If <code>false</code>,
     *        then this <code>ServiceTracker</code> will only track matching
     *        services which are class loader accessible to the bundle whose
     *        <code>BundleContext</code> is used by this
     *        <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
     * @param trackAllAspects If <code>true</code> then this
     *        <code>ServiceTracker</code> will track all aspects regardless
     *        of their rank. If <code>false</code> only the highest ranked
     *        aspects (or the original service if there are no aspects) will
     *        be tracked. The latter is the default.
     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException If the <code>BundleContext</code>
     *         with which this <code>ServiceTracker</code> was created is no
     *         longer valid.
     */
	public void open(boolean trackAllServices, boolean trackAllAspects) {
		final Tracked t;
		synchronized (this) {
			if (tracked != null) {
				return;
			}
			if (DEBUG) {
				System.out.println("ServiceTracker.open: " + filter); 
			}
			m_trackAllAspects = trackAllAspects;
			t = trackAllServices ? new AllTracked() : new Tracked();
			synchronized (t) {
				try {
					context.addServiceListener(t, listenerFilter);
					ServiceReference[] references = null;
					if (trackClass != null) {
						references = getInitialReferences(trackAllServices,
								trackClass, null);
					}
					else {
						if (trackReference != null) {
							if (trackReference.getBundle() != null) {
								references = new ServiceReference[] {trackReference};
							}
						}
						else { /* user supplied filter */
							references = getInitialReferences(trackAllServices,
									null,
									(listenerFilter != null) ? listenerFilter
											: filter.toString());
						}
					}
					/* set tracked with the initial references */
					t.setInitial(references); 
				}
				catch (InvalidSyntaxException e) {
					throw new RuntimeException(
							"unexpected InvalidSyntaxException: "
									+ e.getMessage(), e); 
				}
			}
			tracked = t;
		}
		/* Call tracked outside of synchronized region */
		t.trackInitial(); /* process the initial references */
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the list of initial <code>ServiceReference</code>s that will be
	 * tracked by this <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * @param trackAllServices If <code>true</code>, use
	 *        <code>getAllServiceReferences</code>.
	 * @param className The class name with which the service was registered, or
	 *        <code>null</code> for all services.
	 * @param filterString The filter criteria or <code>null</code> for all
	 *        services.
	 * @return The list of initial <code>ServiceReference</code>s.
	 * @throws InvalidSyntaxException If the specified filterString has an
	 *         invalid syntax.
	 */
	private ServiceReference[] getInitialReferences(boolean trackAllServices,
			String className, String filterString)
			throws InvalidSyntaxException {
		if (trackAllServices) {
			return context.getAllServiceReferences(className, filterString);
		}
		return context.getServiceReferences(className, filterString);
	}

	/**
	 * Close this <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This method should be called when this <code>ServiceTracker</code> should
	 * end the tracking of services.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This implementation calls {@link #getServiceReferences()} to get the list
	 * of tracked services to remove.
	 */
	public void close() {
		final Tracked outgoing;
		final ServiceReference[] references;
		synchronized (this) {
			outgoing = tracked;
			if (outgoing == null) {
				return;
			}
			if (DEBUG) {
				System.out.println("ServiceTracker.close: " + filter); 
			}
			outgoing.close();
			references = getServiceReferences();
			tracked = null;
			try {
				context.removeServiceListener(outgoing);
			}
			catch (IllegalStateException e) {
				/* In case the context was stopped. */
			}
		}
		modified(); /* clear the cache */
		synchronized (outgoing) {
			outgoing.notifyAll(); /* wake up any waiters */
		}
		if (references != null) {
			for (int i = 0; i < references.length; i++) {
				outgoing.untrack(references[i], null);
			}
		}
		if (DEBUG) {
			if ((cachedReference == null) && (cachedService == null)) {
				System.out
						.println("ServiceTracker.close[cached cleared]: "
						+ filter); 
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Default implementation of the
	 * <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer.addingService</code> method.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This method is only called when this <code>ServiceTracker</code> has been
	 * constructed with a <code>null ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> argument.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This implementation returns the result of calling <code>getService</code>
	 * on the <code>BundleContext</code> with which this
	 * <code>ServiceTracker</code> was created passing the specified
	 * <code>ServiceReference</code>.
	 * <p>
	 * This method can be overridden in a subclass to customize the service
	 * object to be tracked for the service being added. In that case, take care
	 * not to rely on the default implementation of
	 * {@link #removedService(ServiceReference, Object) removedService} to unget
	 * the service.
	 * 
	 * @param reference The reference to the service being added to this
	 *        <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * @return The service object to be tracked for the service added to this
	 *         <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * @see ServiceTrackerCustomizer#addingService(ServiceReference)
	 */
	public Object addingService(ServiceReference reference) {
		return context.getService(reference);
	}
	
	public void addedService(ServiceReference reference, Object service) {
		/* do nothing */
	}

	/**
	 * Default implementation of the
	 * <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer.modifiedService</code> method.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This method is only called when this <code>ServiceTracker</code> has been
	 * constructed with a <code>null ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> argument.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This implementation does nothing.
	 * 
	 * @param reference The reference to modified service.
	 * @param service The service object for the modified service.
	 * @see ServiceTrackerCustomizer#modifiedService(ServiceReference, Object)
	 */
	public void modifiedService(ServiceReference reference, Object service) {
		/* do nothing */
	}

	/**
	 * Default implementation of the
	 * <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer.removedService</code> method.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This method is only called when this <code>ServiceTracker</code> has been
	 * constructed with a <code>null ServiceTrackerCustomizer</code> argument.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This implementation calls <code>ungetService</code>, on the
	 * <code>BundleContext</code> with which this <code>ServiceTracker</code>
	 * was created, passing the specified <code>ServiceReference</code>.
	 * <p>
	 * This method can be overridden in a subclass. If the default
	 * implementation of {@link #addingService(ServiceReference) addingService}
	 * method was used, this method must unget the service.
	 * 
	 * @param reference The reference to removed service.
	 * @param service The service object for the removed service.
	 * @see ServiceTrackerCustomizer#removedService(ServiceReference, Object)
	 */
	public void removedService(ServiceReference reference, Object service) {
		context.ungetService(reference);
	}

	/**
	 * Wait for at least one service to be tracked by this
	 * <code>ServiceTracker</code>. This method will also return when this
	 * <code>ServiceTracker</code> is closed.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * It is strongly recommended that <code>waitForService</code> is not used
	 * during the calling of the <code>BundleActivator</code> methods.
	 * <code>BundleActivator</code> methods are expected to complete in a short
	 * period of time.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This implementation calls {@link #getService()} to determine if a service
	 * is being tracked.
	 * 
	 * @param timeout The time interval in milliseconds to wait. If zero, the
	 *        method will wait indefinitely.
	 * @return Returns the result of {@link #getService()}.
	 * @throws InterruptedException If another thread has interrupted the
	 *         current thread.
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the value of timeout is negative.
	 */
	public Object waitForService(long timeout) throws InterruptedException {
		if (timeout < 0) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative"); 
		}
		Object object = getService(); 
		while (object == null) {
			final Tracked t = tracked();
			if (t == null) { /* if ServiceTracker is not open */
				return null;
			}
			synchronized (t) {
				if (t.size() == 0) {
					t.wait(timeout);
				}
			}
			object = getService(); 
			if (timeout > 0) {
				return object;
			}
		}
		return object;
	}

	/**
	 * Return an array of <code>ServiceReference</code>s for all services being
	 * tracked by this <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * @return Array of <code>ServiceReference</code>s or <code>null</code> if
	 *         no services are being tracked.
	 */
	public ServiceReference[] getServiceReferences() {
		final Tracked t = tracked();
		if (t == null) { /* if ServiceTracker is not open */
			return null;
		}
		synchronized (t) {
			int length = t.size();
			if (length == 0) {
				return null;
			}
			return (ServiceReference[]) t
					.getTracked(new ServiceReference[length]);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Returns a boolean indicating whether this <code>ServiceTracker</code> is tracking any services.
	 * 
	 * @return true if services are being tracked, false if no services are being tracked.
	 */
	public boolean hasReference() {
		if (cachedReference != null) {
			return true;
		}
		final Tracked t = tracked();
		if (t == null) { /* if ServiceTracker is not open */
			return false;
		}
		synchronized (t) {
			int length = t.size();
			return length > 0;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a <code>ServiceReference</code> for one of the services being
	 * tracked by this <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * If multiple services are being tracked, the service with the highest
	 * ranking (as specified in its <code>service.ranking</code> property) is
	 * returned. If there is a tie in ranking, the service with the lowest
	 * service ID (as specified in its <code>service.id</code> property); that
	 * is, the service that was registered first is returned. This is the same
	 * algorithm used by <code>BundleContext.getServiceReference</code>.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This implementation calls {@link #getServiceReferences()} to get the list
	 * of references for the tracked services.
	 * 
	 * @return A <code>ServiceReference</code> or <code>null</code> if no
	 *         services are being tracked.
	 * @since 1.1
	 */
	public ServiceReference getServiceReference() {
		ServiceReference reference = cachedReference;
		if (reference != null) {
			if (DEBUG) {
				System.out
						.println("ServiceTracker.getServiceReference[cached]: "
								+ filter); 
			}
			return reference;
		}
		if (DEBUG) {
			System.out.println("ServiceTracker.getServiceReference: " + filter); 
		}
		ServiceReference[] references = getServiceReferences(); 
		int length = (references == null) ? 0 : references.length;
		if (length == 0) { /* if no service is being tracked */
			return null;
		}
		int index = 0;
		if (length > 1) { /* if more than one service, select highest ranking */
			int rankings[] = new int[length];
			int count = 0;
			int maxRanking = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
			for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
				Object property = references[i]
						.getProperty(Constants.SERVICE_RANKING);
				int ranking = (property instanceof Integer) ? ((Integer) property)
						.intValue()
						: 0;
				rankings[i] = ranking;
				if (ranking > maxRanking) {
					index = i;
					maxRanking = ranking;
					count = 1;
				}
				else {
					if (ranking == maxRanking) {
						count++;
					}
				}
			}
			if (count > 1) { /* if still more than one service, select lowest id */
				long minId = Long.MAX_VALUE;
				for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
					if (rankings[i] == maxRanking) {
						long id = ((Long) (references[i]
								.getProperty(Constants.SERVICE_ID)))
								.longValue();
						if (id < minId) {
							index = i;
							minId = id;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return cachedReference = references[index];
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the service object for the specified
	 * <code>ServiceReference</code> if the specified referenced service is
	 * being tracked by this <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * @param reference The reference to the desired service.
	 * @return A service object or <code>null</code> if the service referenced
	 *         by the specified <code>ServiceReference</code> is not being
	 *         tracked.
	 */
	public Object getService(ServiceReference reference) {
		final Tracked t = tracked();
		if (t == null) { /* if ServiceTracker is not open */
			return null;
		}
		synchronized (t) {
			return t.getCustomizedObject(reference);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Return an array of service objects for all services being tracked by this
	 * <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * This implementation calls {@link #getServiceReferences()} to get the list
	 * of references for the tracked services and then calls
	 * {@link #getService(ServiceReference)} for each reference to get the
	 * tracked service object.
	 * 
	 * @return An array of service objects or <code>null</code> if no services
	 *         are being tracked.
	 */
	public Object[] getServices() {
		final Tracked t = tracked();
		if (t == null) { /* if ServiceTracker is not open */
			return null;
		}
		synchronized (t) {
			ServiceReference[] references = getServiceReferences(); 
			int length = (references == null) ? 0 : references.length;
			if (length == 0) {
				return null;
			}
			Object[] objects = new Object[length];
			for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
				objects[i] = getService(references[i]); 
			}
			return objects;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a service object for one of the services being tracked by this
	 * <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * If any services are being tracked, this implementation returns the result
	 * of calling <code>getService(getServiceReference())</code>.
	 * 
	 * @return A service object or <code>null</code> if no services are being
	 *         tracked.
	 */
	public Object getService() {
		Object service = cachedService;
		if (service != null) {
			if (DEBUG) {
				System.out
						.println("ServiceTracker.getService[cached]: "
						+ filter); 
			}
			return service;
		}
		if (DEBUG) {
			System.out.println("ServiceTracker.getService: " + filter); 
		}
		ServiceReference reference = getServiceReference(); 
		if (reference == null) {
			return null;
		}
		return cachedService = getService(reference); 
	}

	/**
	 * Remove a service from this <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * The specified service will be removed from this
	 * <code>ServiceTracker</code>. If the specified service was being tracked
	 * then the <code>ServiceTrackerCustomizer.removedService</code> method will
	 * be called for that service.
	 * 
	 * @param reference The reference to the service to be removed.
	 */
	public void remove(ServiceReference reference) {
		final Tracked t = tracked();
		if (t == null) { /* if ServiceTracker is not open */
			return;
		}
		t.untrack(reference, null);
	}

	/**
	 * Return the number of services being tracked by this
	 * <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * @return The number of services being tracked.
	 */
	public int size() {
		final Tracked t = tracked();
		if (t == null) { /* if ServiceTracker is not open */
			return 0;
		}
		synchronized (t) {
			return t.size();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the tracking count for this <code>ServiceTracker</code>.
	 * 
	 * The tracking count is initialized to 0 when this
	 * <code>ServiceTracker</code> is opened. Every time a service is added,
	 * modified or removed from this <code>ServiceTracker</code>, the tracking
	 * count is incremented.
	 * 
	 * <p>
	 * The tracking count can be used to determine if this
	 * <code>ServiceTracker</code> has added, modified or removed a service by
	 * comparing a tracking count value previously collected with the current
	 * tracking count value. If the value has not changed, then no service has
	 * been added, modified or removed from this <code>ServiceTracker</code>
	 * since the previous tracking count was collected.
	 * 
	 * @since 1.2
	 * @return The tracking count for this <code>ServiceTracker</code> or -1 if
	 *         this <code>ServiceTracker</code> is not open.
	 */
	public int getTrackingCount() {
		final Tracked t = tracked();
		if (t == null) { /* if ServiceTracker is not open */
			return -1;
		}
		synchronized (t) {
			return t.getTrackingCount();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Called by the Tracked object whenever the set of tracked services is
	 * modified. Clears the cache.
	 */
	/*
	 * This method must not be synchronized since it is called by Tracked while
	 * Tracked is synchronized. We don't want synchronization interactions
	 * between the listener thread and the user thread.
	 */
	void modified() {
		cachedReference = null; /* clear cached value */
		cachedService = null; /* clear cached value */
		if (DEBUG) {
			System.out.println("ServiceTracker.modified: " + filter); 
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Inner class which subclasses AbstractTracked. This class is the
	 * <code>ServiceListener</code> object for the tracker.
	 * 
	 * @ThreadSafe
	 */
	class Tracked extends AbstractTracked implements ServiceListener {
	    /**
	     * A list of services that are currently hidden because there is an aspect available with a higher ranking.
	     * @GuardedBy this
	     */
	    private final List m_hidden = new ArrayList();
	    
	    /**
	     * Returns the highest hidden aspect for the specified service ID.
	     * 
	     * @param serviceId the service ID
	     * @return a service reference, or <code>null</code> if there was no such service
	     */
	    private ServiceReference highestHidden(long serviceId) {
	        ServiceReference result = null;
	        int max = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
	        synchronized (this) {
    	        for (int i = 0; i < m_hidden.size(); i++) {
    	            ServiceReference ref = (ServiceReference) m_hidden.get(i);
    	            Long sid = (Long) ref.getProperty(Constants.SERVICE_ID);
    	            Long aid = (Long) ref.getProperty(DependencyManager.ASPECT);
    	            if ((aid != null && aid.longValue() == serviceId) 
    	                || (aid == null && sid != null && sid.longValue() == serviceId)) {
    	                Integer ranking = (Integer) ref.getProperty(Constants.SERVICE_RANKING);
    	                int r = 0;
    	                if (ranking != null) {
    	                    r = ranking.intValue();
    	                }
    	                if (r > max) {
    	                    max = r;
    	                    result = ref;
    	                }
    	            }
    	        }
	        }
	        return result;
	    }
	    
        /**
         * Returns the highest tracked service for the specified service ID.
         * 
         * @param serviceId the service ID
         * @return a service reference, or <code>null</code> if there was no such service
         */
        private ServiceReference highestTracked(long serviceId) {
            ServiceReference result = null;
            int max = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            
            synchronized (this) {
                int length = size();
                if (length == 0) {
                    return null;
                }
                Object[] trackedServices = getTracked(new ServiceReference[length]);
                for (int i = 0; i < trackedServices.length; i++) {
                    ServiceReference ref = (ServiceReference) trackedServices[i];
                    Long sid = (Long) ref.getProperty(Constants.SERVICE_ID);
                    Long aid = (Long) ref.getProperty(DependencyManager.ASPECT);
                    if ((aid != null && aid.longValue() == serviceId) 
                        || (aid == null && sid != null && sid.longValue() == serviceId)) {
                        Integer ranking = (Integer) ref.getProperty(Constants.SERVICE_RANKING);
                        int r = 0;
                        if (ranking != null) {
                            r = ranking.intValue();
                        }
                        if (r > max) {
                            max = r;
                            result = ref;
                        }
                    }
                }
                return result;
            }
        }
        
        private final HashMap m_highestTrackedCache = new HashMap();
        
        private ServiceReference highestTrackedCache(long serviceId) {
            Long sid = Long.valueOf(serviceId);
            synchronized (this) {
            	TreeSet services = (TreeSet) m_highestTrackedCache.get(sid);
            	if (services != null && services.size() > 0) {
            		ServiceReference result = (ServiceReference) services.last();
            		return result;
            	}
			}
            return null;
        }
        
        private void addHighestTrackedCache(ServiceReference reference) {
            Long serviceId = ServiceUtil.getServiceIdObject(reference);
            synchronized (this) {
            	TreeSet services = (TreeSet) m_highestTrackedCache.get(serviceId);
            	if (services == null) {
            		services = new TreeSet();
            		m_highestTrackedCache.put(serviceId, services);
            	}
            	services.add(reference);
			}
        }
        
        private void removeHighestTrackedCache(ServiceReference reference) {
            Long serviceId = ServiceUtil.getServiceIdObject(reference);
            synchronized (this) {
            	TreeSet services = (TreeSet) m_highestTrackedCache.get(serviceId);
            	if (services != null) {
            		services.remove(reference);
            	}
			}
        }
        
        private void clearHighestTrackedCache() {
        	synchronized (this) {
        		m_highestTrackedCache.clear();
			}
        }
        
        private final HashMap m_highestHiddenCache = new HashMap();
        
        private ServiceReference highestHiddenCache(long serviceId) {
            Long sid = Long.valueOf(serviceId);
            synchronized (this) {
            	TreeSet services = (TreeSet) m_highestHiddenCache.get(sid);
	            if (services != null && services.size() > 0) {
	                ServiceReference result = (ServiceReference) services.last();
	                return result;
	            }
            }
            return null;
        }
        
        private void addHighestHiddenCache(ServiceReference reference) {
            Long serviceId = ServiceUtil.getServiceIdObject(reference);
            synchronized (this) {
            	TreeSet services = (TreeSet) m_highestHiddenCache.get(serviceId);
            	if (services == null) {
            		services = new TreeSet();
            		m_highestHiddenCache.put(serviceId, services);
            	}
            	services.add(reference);
			}
        }
        
        private void removeHighestHiddenCache(ServiceReference reference) {
            Long serviceId = ServiceUtil.getServiceIdObject(reference);
            synchronized (this) {
            	TreeSet services = (TreeSet) m_highestHiddenCache.get(serviceId);
            	if (services != null) {
            		services.remove(reference);
            	}
			}
        }

        /**
         * Hide a service reference, placing it in the list of hidden services.
         * 
         * @param ref the service reference to add to the hidden list
         */
        private void hide(ServiceReference ref) {
            addHighestHiddenCache(ref);
        }
        
        /**
         * Unhide a service reference, removing it from the list of hidden services.
         * 
         * @param ref the service reference to remove from the hidden list
         */
        private void unhide(ServiceReference ref) {
            removeHighestHiddenCache(ref);
        }
	    
		/**
		 * Tracked constructor.
		 */
		Tracked() {
			super();
			setTracked(new HashMapCache());
		}
		
		void setInitial(Object[] list) {
		    if (list == null) {
		        return;
		    }
		    if (m_trackAllAspects) {
		    	// not hiding aspects
		    	super.setInitial(list);
		    } else { 
			    Map highestRankedServiceMap = new HashMap(); // <Long, RankedService>
			    for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
			    	ServiceReference sr = (ServiceReference) list[i];
			    	if (sr != null) {
				    	Long serviceId = ServiceUtil.getServiceIdAsLong(sr);
				    	int ranking = ServiceUtil.getRanking(sr);
				    	
				    	RankedService rs = (RankedService) highestRankedServiceMap.get(serviceId);
				    	if (rs == null) {
				    	    // the service did not exist yet in our map
				    	    highestRankedServiceMap.put(serviceId, new RankedService(ranking, sr));
				    	}
				    	else if (ranking > rs.getRanking()) {
	                        // the service replaces a lower ranked one
				    	    hide(rs.getServiceReference());
				    	    rs.update(ranking, sr);
				    	}
				    	else {
	                        // the service does NOT replace a lower ranked one
				    	    hide(sr);
				    	}
			    	}
			    }
			    if (highestRankedServiceMap.size() > 0) {
			        Object[] result = new Object[highestRankedServiceMap.size()];
			        int index = 0;
			        for(Iterator it = highestRankedServiceMap.entrySet().iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
			        	Entry entry = (Entry) it.next();
			        	result[index] = ((RankedService)entry.getValue()).getServiceReference();
			        	index++;
			        }
			        super.setInitial(result);	    	
			    }
		    }
		}

		/**
		 * <code>ServiceListener</code> method for the
		 * <code>ServiceTracker</code> class. This method must NOT be
		 * synchronized to avoid deadlock potential.
		 * 
		 * @param event <code>ServiceEvent</code> object from the framework.
		 */
		public void serviceChanged(final ServiceEvent event) {
		    if (m_trackAllAspects) {
		        serviceChangedIncludeAspects(event);
		    }
		    else {
		        serviceChangedHideAspects(event);
		    }
		}
		
        public void serviceChangedIncludeAspects(final ServiceEvent event) {
            /*
             * Check if we had a delayed call (which could happen when we
             * close).
             */
            if (closed) {
                return;
            }
            final ServiceReference reference = event.getServiceReference();
            if (DEBUG) {
                System.out
                        .println("ServiceTracker.Tracked.serviceChanged["
                        + event.getType() + "]: " + reference);  
            }

            switch (event.getType()) {
                case ServiceEvent.REGISTERED :
                case ServiceEvent.MODIFIED :
                    if (listenerFilter != null) { // service listener added with
                        // filter
                        track(reference, event);
                        /*
                         * If the customizer throws an unchecked exception, it
                         * is safe to let it propagate
                         */
                    }
                    else { // service listener added without filter
                        if (filter.match(reference)) {
                            track(reference, event);
                            /*
                             * If the customizer throws an unchecked exception,
                             * it is safe to let it propagate
                             */
                        }
                        else {
                            untrack(reference, event);
                            /*
                             * If the customizer throws an unchecked exception,
                             * it is safe to let it propagate
                             */
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case 8 /* ServiceEvent.MODIFIED_ENDMATCH */ :
                case ServiceEvent.UNREGISTERING :
                    untrack(reference, event);
                    /*
                     * If the customizer throws an unchecked exception, it is
                     * safe to let it propagate
                     */
                    break;
            }
        }
		
		public void serviceChangedHideAspects(final ServiceEvent event) {
			/*
			 * Check if we had a delayed call (which could happen when we
			 * close).
			 */
			if (closed) {
				return;
			}
			final ServiceReference reference = event.getServiceReference();
			if (DEBUG) {
				System.out
						.println("ServiceTracker.Tracked.serviceChanged["
						+ event.getType() + "]: " + reference);  
			}

			long sid = ServiceUtil.getServiceId(reference);
			switch (event.getType()) {
				case ServiceEvent.REGISTERED :
				case ServiceEvent.MODIFIED :
				    ServiceReference higher = null;
				    ServiceReference lower = null;
				    ServiceReference sr = highestTrackedCache(sid);
				    if (sr != null) {
				        int ranking = ServiceUtil.getRanking(reference);
				        int trackedRanking = ServiceUtil.getRanking(sr);
				        if (ranking > trackedRanking) {
				            // found a higher ranked one!
				            if (DEBUG) {
				                System.out.println("ServiceTracker.Tracked.serviceChanged[" + event.getType() + "]: Found a higher ranked aspect: " + ServiceUtil.toString(reference) + " vs " + ServiceUtil.toString(sr));
				            }
				            higher = sr;
				        }
				        else if (ranking < trackedRanking) {
				            // found lower ranked one!
                            if (DEBUG) {
                                System.out.println("ServiceTracker.Tracked.serviceChanged[" + event.getType() + "]: Found a lower ranked aspect: " + ServiceUtil.toString(reference) + " vs " + ServiceUtil.toString(sr));
                            }
				            lower = sr;
				        }
				    }
				    
					if (listenerFilter != null) { // service listener added with filter
					    if (lower != null) {
					        hide(reference);
					    }
					    else {
					        try {
					            track(reference, event);
					        }
					        finally {
    					        if (higher != null) {
    					            try {
    					                untrack(higher, null);
    					            }
    					            finally {
    					                hide(higher);
    					            }
    					        }
					        }
					    }
						/*
						 * If the customizer throws an unchecked exception, it
						 * is safe to let it propagate
						 */
					}
					else { // service listener added without filter
						if (filter.match(reference)) {
	                        if (lower != null) {
	                            hide(reference);
	                        }
	                        else {
	                            try {
	                                track(reference, event);
	                            }
	                            finally {
    	                            if (higher != null) {
    	                                try {
    	                                    untrack(higher, null);
    	                                }
    	                                finally {
    	                                    hide(higher);
    	                                }
    	                            }
	                            }
	                        }
							/*
							 * If the customizer throws an unchecked exception,
							 * it is safe to let it propagate
							 */
						}
						else {
		                    ServiceReference ht = highestTrackedCache(sid);
		                    if (reference.equals(ht)) {
		                        try {
		                            ServiceReference hh = highestHiddenCache(sid);
		                            if (hh != null) {
		                                unhide(hh);
		                                track(hh, null);
		                            }
		                        }
		                        finally {
		                            untrack(reference, event);
		                        }
		                    }
		                    else {
		                        unhide(reference);
		                    }
							/*
							 * If the customizer throws an unchecked exception,
							 * it is safe to let it propagate
							 */
						}
					}
					break;
                case 8 /* ServiceEvent.MODIFIED_ENDMATCH */ :
				case ServiceEvent.UNREGISTERING :
				    ServiceReference ht = highestTrackedCache(sid);
				    if (reference.equals(ht)) {
				        try {
				            ServiceReference hh = highestHiddenCache(sid);
    				        if (hh != null) {
    				            unhide(hh);
    				            track(hh, null);
    				        }
				        }
				        finally {
				            untrack(reference, event);
				        }
				    }
				    else {
				        unhide(reference);
				    }
					/*
					 * If the customizer throws an unchecked exception, it is
					 * safe to let it propagate
					 */
					break;
			}
		}

		/**
		 * Increment the tracking count and tell the tracker there was a
		 * modification.
		 * 
		 * @GuardedBy this
		 */
		void modified() {
			super.modified(); /* increment the modification count */
			ServiceTracker.this.modified();
		}

		/**
		 * Call the specific customizer adding method. This method must not be
		 * called while synchronized on this object.
		 * 
		 * @param item Item to be tracked.
		 * @param related Action related object.
		 * @return Customized object for the tracked item or <code>null</code>
		 *         if the item is not to be tracked.
		 */
		Object customizerAdding(final Object item,
				final Object related) {
			return customizer.addingService((ServiceReference) item);
		}
		
		void customizerAdded(final Object item, final Object related, final Object object) {
			customizer.addedService((ServiceReference) item, object);
		}

		/**
		 * Call the specific customizer modified method. This method must not be
		 * called while synchronized on this object.
		 * 
		 * @param item Tracked item.
		 * @param related Action related object.
		 * @param object Customized object for the tracked item.
		 */
		void customizerModified(final Object item,
				final Object related, final Object object) {
			customizer.modifiedService((ServiceReference) item, object);
		}

		/**
		 * Call the specific customizer removed method. This method must not be
		 * called while synchronized on this object.
		 * 
		 * @param item Tracked item.
		 * @param related Action related object.
		 * @param object Customized object for the tracked item.
		 */
		void customizerRemoved(final Object item,
				final Object related, final Object object) {
			customizer.removedService((ServiceReference) item, object);
		}
		
		class HashMapCache extends LinkedHashMap {
		    public Object put(Object key, Object value) {
		        addHighestTrackedCache((ServiceReference) key);
		        return super.put(key, value);
		    }

		    public void putAll(Map m) {
		        Iterator i = m.keySet().iterator();
		        while (i.hasNext()) {
		            addHighestTrackedCache((ServiceReference) i.next());
		        }
		        super.putAll(m);
		    }

		    public Object remove(Object key) {
		        removeHighestTrackedCache((ServiceReference) key);
		        return super.remove(key);
		    }

		    public void clear() {
		        clearHighestTrackedCache();
		        super.clear();
		    }
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Subclass of Tracked which implements the AllServiceListener interface.
	 * This class is used by the ServiceTracker if open is called with true.
	 * 
	 * @since 1.3
	 * @ThreadSafe
	 */
	class AllTracked extends Tracked implements AllServiceListener {
		/**
		 * AllTracked constructor.
		 */
		AllTracked() {
			super();
            setTracked(new HashMapCache());
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * Holds a ranking and a service reference that can be updated if necessary.
	 */
	private static final class RankedService {
		private int m_ranking;
		private ServiceReference m_serviceReference;
		
		public RankedService(int ranking, ServiceReference serviceReference) {
			m_ranking = ranking;
			m_serviceReference = serviceReference;
		}
		
        public void update(int ranking, ServiceReference serviceReference) {
            m_ranking = ranking;
            m_serviceReference = serviceReference;
        }
		
		public int getRanking() {
			return m_ranking;
		}
		
		public ServiceReference getServiceReference() {
			return m_serviceReference;
		}
	}
}