AAA
===

Introduction
------------
In this section, we will explain how to use Trellis with AAA service, which can
be used to authenticate a client host.  We will explain how this works with a
simple **single switch** topology.

.. image:: ../images/config-aaa.png

Configure ONOS
--------------

Activate AAA app
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We need to install and activate AAA app separately since it is located in a
separate (CORD) repository.  There are multiple methods to install and activate
a pre-compiled app. Let's use CLI now.

.. code-block::console

    $ onos-app localhost install! aaa-1.1-SNAPSHOT.oar


Provide network configuration
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We need to provide AAA configuration in the apps section of network
configuration.

.. code-block:: json

    {
      "apps": {
        "org.opencord.aaa" : {
          "AAA" : {
            "radiusIp": "10.128.0.231",
            "radiusServerPort": "1812",
            "radiusSecret": "howdoyouturnthison"
          }
        }
      }
    }


- ``radiusIp``: The IP address of the Radius server

- ``radiusServerPort``: The UDP port of the Radius server. (Optional -- ONOS
  will use port 1812 by default).

- ``radiusSecret``: The Radius secret. This needs to be consistent with the
  Radius server configuration

Then push the JSON to ONOS:

.. code-block:: console

    $ onos-netcfg $OC1 aaa-config.json


Configure Radius server
-----------------------

Install FreeRadius
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Technically, any Radius server should work.  However, the way to configure them
are probably different case to case.  Here we use FreeRadius on Ubuntu as an
example.  To install the Radius server, simply run:

.. code-block:: console

    sudo apt-get install freeradius

Configure FreeRadius
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Add a user
""""""""""

We usually connect Radius server to a database where we store the user
information.  In this section, we statically configure a user to simplify the
setup.  To add a user ``admin`` with password ``cord_test``, edit
``/etc/freeradius/users`` and add following lines:

.. code-block:: text

    admin  Cleartext-Password := "cord_test"
           Reply-Message = "Hello, %{User-Name}"

Allow external clients
""""""""""""""""""""""
By default the Radius server only accepts requests from ``localhost``.
To allow external clients, we need to modify ``/etc/freeradius/clients.conf``
We also need to change the secret.

.. code-block:: diff

    -client localhost {
    +client 0.0.0.0/0 {

    -       secret          = testing123
    +       secret          = howdoyouturnthison

Use TLS
"""""""
By default, FreeRadius use MD5 challenge response to authenticate clients.
To use TLS, we need to modify ``/etc/freeradius/eap.conf``
We also need to change the private key password.

.. code-block:: diff

    -               default_eap_type = md5
    +               default_eap_type = tls

    -                       private_key_password = whatever
    +                       private_key_password = onos_test

.. note::
    The key and certificates required by TLS will locate under
    ``/etc/freeradius/certs`` by default.  There will be three symbolic links
    link to ``ca.pem``, ``server.key``, ``server.pem``.  We only need to change
    the symbolic links after we generates the keys and certificates.
    Therefore, we don't need to change the path in ``/etc/freeradius/eap.conf``

.. note::
    Both server certificate and client certificate need to be signed by the
    same CA certificate.  Also note that each key we generate below needs a
    unique Common Name.

Generate CA certificate (ca.pem) and private key (privkey.pem)
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

.. code-block:: console

    openssl req -out ca.pem -new -x509

Generate and sign server certificate (server.pem) and private key (server.key)
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

.. code-block:: console

    openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024
    openssl req -key server.key -new -out server.req
    openssl x509 -req -in server.req -CA ca.pem -CAkey privkey.pem -CAserial file.srl -out server.pem

Generate and sign client certificate (client.pem) and private key (client.key)
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

.. code-block:: console

    openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024
    openssl req -key client.key -new -out client.req
    openssl x509 -req -in client.req -CA ca.pem -CAkey privkey.pem -CAserial file.srl -out client.pem


Deploy keys and certificates
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
On the server side, please link **/etc/freeradius/{ca.pem, server.key,
server.pem}** to the files we just generated.  Also copy **ca.pem, client.key,
client.pem** to the client side through a secured channel.  They will later be
used when testing the Radius authentication.


Testing
-------
We can use the ``wpa_supplicant`` as the test client. In case
``wpa_supplicant`` has not been installed, you can run ``sudo apt-get install
wpasupplicant``

Compose wpa_supplicant.conf
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. code-block:: text

    ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
    eapol_version=1
    ap_scan=0
    fast_reauth=0
    network={
        key_mgmt=WPA-EAP
        eap=TLS
        identity="admin"
        password="cord_test"
        ca_cert="ca.pem"
        client_cert="client.pem"
        private_key="client.key"
        private_key_passwd="onos_test"
        eapol_flags=3
    }

Run the test client
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. tip::
    If you are using a Linux VM behind a bridge to send out this authentication
    message, make sure the Linux kernel of your host machine is 3.2 or above.
    Otherwise the EAPOL messages won't go through the bridge.

.. code-block:: console

    $ sudo wpa_supplicant -Dwired -ieth1 -cwpa_supplicant.conf

You should see the following message if authentication succeed:

.. code-block:: console

    Successfully initialized wpa_supplicant
    eth1: Associated with 01:80:c2:00:00:03
    eth1: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED EAP authentication started
    eth1: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-PROPOSED-METHOD vendor=0 method=13
    eth1: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-METHOD EAP vendor 0 method 13 (TLS) selected
    eth1: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-PEER-CERT depth=1 subject='/C=US/ST=CA/L=Menlo Park/O=ON.Lab/CN=ca.cord.lab/emailAddress=xxx@xxx.xxx'
    eth1: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-PEER-CERT depth=0 subject='/C=US/ST=CA/L=Menlo Park/O=ON.Lab/CN=server.cord.lab/emailAddress=xxx@xxx.xxx'
    eth1: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-SUCCESS EAP authentication completed successfully

Reference
---------
- https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3580
- https://www.vocal.com/secure-communication/eapol-extensible-authentication-protocol-over-lan/
- https://dst.lbl.gov/~boverhof/openssl_certs.html