/*
 * Copyright 2015-present Open Networking Foundation
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.onosproject.store.host.impl;

import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
import com.google.common.cache.RemovalNotification;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;

import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.Activate;
import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.Component;
import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.Deactivate;
import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.Reference;
import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.ReferenceCardinality;
import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.Service;
import org.onlab.packet.IpAddress;
import org.onlab.packet.MacAddress;
import org.onlab.packet.VlanId;
import org.onlab.util.KryoNamespace;
import org.onosproject.net.Annotations;
import org.onosproject.net.ConnectPoint;
import org.onosproject.net.DefaultAnnotations;
import org.onosproject.net.DefaultHost;
import org.onosproject.net.DeviceId;
import org.onosproject.net.Host;
import org.onosproject.net.HostId;
import org.onosproject.net.HostLocation;
import org.onosproject.net.host.HostDescription;
import org.onosproject.net.host.HostEvent;
import org.onosproject.net.host.HostStore;
import org.onosproject.net.host.HostStoreDelegate;
import org.onosproject.net.host.HostLocationProbingService.ProbeMode;
import org.onosproject.net.provider.ProviderId;
import org.onosproject.store.AbstractStore;
import org.onosproject.store.serializers.KryoNamespaces;
import org.onosproject.store.service.AtomicCounter;
import org.onosproject.store.service.ConsistentMap;
import org.onosproject.store.service.MapEvent;
import org.onosproject.store.service.MapEventListener;
import org.onosproject.store.service.Serializer;
import org.onosproject.store.service.StorageService;
import org.onosproject.store.service.DistributedPrimitive.Status;
import org.onosproject.store.service.Versioned;
import org.slf4j.Logger;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState;
import static java.util.concurrent.Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor;
import static org.onlab.util.Tools.groupedThreads;
import static org.onosproject.net.DefaultAnnotations.merge;
import static org.onosproject.net.host.HostEvent.Type.*;
import static org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger;

/**
 * Manages the inventory of hosts using a {@code EventuallyConsistentMap}.
 */
@Component(immediate = true)
@Service
public class DistributedHostStore
    extends AbstractStore<HostEvent, HostStoreDelegate>
    implements HostStore {

    private final Logger log = getLogger(getClass());

    @Reference(cardinality = ReferenceCardinality.MANDATORY_UNARY)
    protected StorageService storageService;

    private AtomicCounter hostProbeIndex;
    private ConsistentMap<HostId, DefaultHost> hostsConsistentMap;
    private Map<HostId, DefaultHost> hosts;
    private Map<IpAddress, Set<Host>> hostsByIp;
    private MapEventListener<HostId, DefaultHost> hostLocationTracker =
            new HostLocationTracker();

    private ConsistentMap<MacAddress, PendingHostLocation> pendingHostsConsistentMap;
    private Map<MacAddress, PendingHostLocation> pendingHosts;
    private MapEventListener<MacAddress, PendingHostLocation> pendingHostListener =
            new PendingHostListener();

    private ScheduledExecutorService executor;
    private ScheduledExecutorService cacheCleaner;
    private ScheduledExecutorService locationRemover;

    private Consumer<Status> statusChangeListener;

    // TODO make this configurable
    private static final int PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS = 3000;

    private Cache<MacAddress, PendingHostLocation> pendingHostsCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
            .expireAfterWrite(PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
            .removalListener((RemovalNotification<MacAddress, PendingHostLocation> notification) -> {
                switch (notification.getCause()) {
                    case EXPIRED:
                        PendingHostLocation expired = notification.getValue();
                        if (expired != null) {
                            if (timeoutPendingHostLocation(notification.getKey())) {
                                log.info("Evict {} from pendingHosts due to probe timeout", notification.getValue());
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                    case EXPLICIT:
                        break;
                    default:
                        log.warn("Remove {} from pendingHostLocations for unexpected reason {}",
                                notification.getKey(), notification.getCause());
                }
            }).build();

    @Activate
    public void activate() {
        KryoNamespace.Builder hostSerializer = KryoNamespace.newBuilder()
                .register(KryoNamespaces.API);
        hostsConsistentMap = storageService.<HostId, DefaultHost>consistentMapBuilder()
                .withName("onos-hosts")
                .withRelaxedReadConsistency()
                .withSerializer(Serializer.using(hostSerializer.build()))
                .build();
        hostsConsistentMap.addListener(hostLocationTracker);
        hosts = hostsConsistentMap.asJavaMap();

        KryoNamespace.Builder pendingHostSerializer = KryoNamespace.newBuilder()
                .register(KryoNamespaces.API)
                .register(PendingHostLocation.class)
                .register(ProbeMode.class);
        pendingHostsConsistentMap = storageService.<MacAddress, PendingHostLocation>consistentMapBuilder()
                .withName("onos-hosts-pending")
                .withRelaxedReadConsistency()
                .withSerializer(Serializer.using(pendingHostSerializer.build()))
                .build();
        pendingHostsConsistentMap.addListener(pendingHostListener);
        pendingHosts = pendingHostsConsistentMap.asJavaMap();

        hostProbeIndex = storageService.atomicCounterBuilder()
            .withName("onos-hosts-probe-index")
            .build()
            .asAtomicCounter();

        cacheCleaner = newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(groupedThreads("onos/hosts", "cache-cleaner", log));
        cacheCleaner.scheduleAtFixedRate(pendingHostsCache::cleanUp, 0, PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);

        locationRemover = newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(groupedThreads("onos/hosts", "loc-remover", log));

        executor = newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(groupedThreads("onos/hosts", "status-listener", log));
        statusChangeListener = status -> {
            if (status == Status.ACTIVE) {
                executor.execute(this::loadHostsByIp);
            }
        };
        hostsConsistentMap.addStatusChangeListener(statusChangeListener);
        loadHostsByIp();
        log.info("Started");
    }

    @Deactivate
    public void deactivate() {
        hostsConsistentMap.removeListener(hostLocationTracker);

        cacheCleaner.shutdown();
        locationRemover.shutdown();
        executor.shutdown();

        log.info("Stopped");
    }

    private void loadHostsByIp() {
        hostsByIp = new ConcurrentHashMap<IpAddress, Set<Host>>();
        hostsConsistentMap.asJavaMap().values().forEach(host -> {
            host.ipAddresses().forEach(ip -> {
                Set<Host> existingHosts = hostsByIp.get(ip);
                if (existingHosts == null) {
                    hostsByIp.put(ip, addHosts(host));
                } else {
                    existingHosts.add(host);
                }
            });
        });
    }

    private boolean shouldUpdate(DefaultHost existingHost,
                                 ProviderId providerId,
                                 HostDescription hostDescription,
                                 boolean replaceIPs) {
        if (existingHost == null) {
            return true;
        }

        // Avoid overriding configured host with learnt host
        if (existingHost.configured() && !hostDescription.configured()) {
            return false;
        }

        if (!Objects.equals(existingHost.providerId(), providerId) ||
                !Objects.equals(existingHost.mac(), hostDescription.hwAddress()) ||
                !Objects.equals(existingHost.vlan(), hostDescription.vlan()) ||
                !Objects.equals(existingHost.innerVlan(), hostDescription.innerVlan()) ||
                !Objects.equals(existingHost.tpid(), hostDescription.tpid()) ||
                !Objects.equals(existingHost.locations(), hostDescription.locations())) {
            return true;
        }

        if (replaceIPs) {
            if (!Objects.equals(hostDescription.ipAddress(),
                                existingHost.ipAddresses())) {
                return true;
            }
        } else {
            if (!existingHost.ipAddresses().containsAll(hostDescription.ipAddress())) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        // check to see if any of the annotations provided by hostDescription
        // differ from those in the existing host
        return hostDescription.annotations().keys().stream()
                   .anyMatch(k -> !Objects.equals(hostDescription.annotations().value(k),
                                                  existingHost.annotations().value(k)));


    }

    // TODO No longer need to return HostEvent
    @Override
    public HostEvent createOrUpdateHost(ProviderId providerId,
                                        HostId hostId,
                                        HostDescription hostDescription,
                                        boolean replaceIPs) {
        hostsConsistentMap.computeIf(hostId,
                       existingHost -> shouldUpdate(existingHost, providerId,
                                                    hostDescription, replaceIPs),
                       (id, existingHost) -> {

                           final Set<IpAddress> addresses;
                           if (existingHost == null || replaceIPs) {
                               addresses = ImmutableSet.copyOf(hostDescription.ipAddress());
                           } else {
                               addresses = Sets.newHashSet(existingHost.ipAddresses());
                               addresses.addAll(hostDescription.ipAddress());
                           }

                           final Annotations annotations;
                           if (existingHost != null) {
                               annotations = merge((DefaultAnnotations) existingHost.annotations(),
                                       hostDescription.annotations());
                           } else {
                               annotations = hostDescription.annotations();
                           }

                           return new DefaultHost(providerId,
                                                  hostId,
                                                  hostDescription.hwAddress(),
                                                  hostDescription.vlan(),
                                                  hostDescription.locations(),
                                                  addresses,
                                                  hostDescription.innerVlan(),
                                                  hostDescription.tpid(),
                                                  hostDescription.configured(),
                                                  annotations);
                       });
        return null;
    }

    // TODO No longer need to return HostEvent
    @Override
    public HostEvent removeHost(HostId hostId) {
        hosts.remove(hostId);
        return null;
    }

    // TODO No longer need to return HostEvent
    @Override
    public HostEvent removeIp(HostId hostId, IpAddress ipAddress) {
        hosts.compute(hostId, (id, existingHost) -> {
            if (existingHost != null) {
                checkState(Objects.equals(hostId.mac(), existingHost.mac()),
                        "Existing and new MAC addresses differ.");
                checkState(Objects.equals(hostId.vlanId(), existingHost.vlan()),
                        "Existing and new VLANs differ.");

                Set<IpAddress> addresses = existingHost.ipAddresses();
                if (addresses != null && addresses.contains(ipAddress)) {
                    addresses = new HashSet<>(existingHost.ipAddresses());
                    addresses.remove(ipAddress);
                    removeIpFromHostsByIp(existingHost, ipAddress);
                    return new DefaultHost(existingHost.providerId(),
                            hostId,
                            existingHost.mac(),
                            existingHost.vlan(),
                            existingHost.locations(),
                            ImmutableSet.copyOf(addresses),
                            existingHost.configured(),
                            existingHost.annotations());
                } else {
                    return existingHost;
                }
            }
            return null;
        });
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void appendLocation(HostId hostId, HostLocation location) {
        log.debug("Appending location {} to host {}", location, hostId);
        hosts.compute(hostId, (id, existingHost) -> {
            if (existingHost != null) {
                checkState(Objects.equals(hostId.mac(), existingHost.mac()),
                        "Existing and new MAC addresses differ.");
                checkState(Objects.equals(hostId.vlanId(), existingHost.vlan()),
                        "Existing and new VLANs differ.");

                // Move within the same switch
                // Simply replace old location that is on the same device
                Set<HostLocation> newLocations = Sets.newHashSet(location);
                existingHost.locations().stream().filter(loc -> !loc.deviceId().equals(location.deviceId()))
                        .forEach(newLocations::add);

                return new DefaultHost(existingHost.providerId(),
                                hostId, existingHost.mac(), existingHost.vlan(),
                                newLocations, existingHost.ipAddresses(),
                                existingHost.configured(), existingHost.annotations());
            }
            return null;
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void removeLocation(HostId hostId, HostLocation location) {
        log.debug("Removing location {} from host {}", location, hostId);
        hosts.compute(hostId, (id, existingHost) -> {
            if (existingHost != null) {
                checkState(Objects.equals(hostId.mac(), existingHost.mac()),
                        "Existing and new MAC addresses differ.");
                checkState(Objects.equals(hostId.vlanId(), existingHost.vlan()),
                        "Existing and new VLANs differ.");

                Set<HostLocation> locations = new HashSet<>(existingHost.locations());
                locations.remove(location);

                // Remove entire host if we are removing the last location
                return locations.isEmpty() ? null :
                        new DefaultHost(existingHost.providerId(),
                                hostId, existingHost.mac(), existingHost.vlan(),
                                locations, existingHost.ipAddresses(),
                                existingHost.configured(), existingHost.annotations());
            }
            return null;
        });
    }

    @Override
    public int getHostCount() {
        return hosts.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Iterable<Host> getHosts() {
        return ImmutableSet.copyOf(hosts.values());
    }

    @Override
    public Host getHost(HostId hostId) {
        return hosts.get(hostId);
    }

    @Override
    public Set<Host> getHosts(VlanId vlanId) {
        return filter(hosts.values(), host -> Objects.equals(host.vlan(), vlanId));
    }

    @Override
    public Set<Host> getHosts(MacAddress mac) {
        return filter(hosts.values(), host -> Objects.equals(host.mac(), mac));
    }

    @Override
    public Set<Host> getHosts(IpAddress ip) {
        Set<Host> hosts = hostsByIp.get(ip);
        return hosts != null ? ImmutableSet.copyOf(hosts) : ImmutableSet.of();
    }

    @Override
    public Set<Host> getConnectedHosts(ConnectPoint connectPoint) {
        Set<Host> filtered = hosts.entrySet().stream()
                .filter(entry -> entry.getValue().locations().contains(connectPoint))
                .map(Map.Entry::getValue)
                .collect(Collectors.toSet());
        return ImmutableSet.copyOf(filtered);
    }

    @Override
    public Set<Host> getConnectedHosts(DeviceId deviceId) {
        Set<Host> filtered = hosts.entrySet().stream()
                .filter(entry -> entry.getValue().locations().stream()
                        .map(HostLocation::deviceId).anyMatch(dpid -> dpid.equals(deviceId)))
                .map(Map.Entry::getValue)
                .collect(Collectors.toSet());
        return ImmutableSet.copyOf(filtered);
    }

    @Override
    public MacAddress addPendingHostLocation(HostId hostId, ConnectPoint connectPoint, ProbeMode probeMode) {
        // Use ONLab OUI (3 bytes) + atomic counter (3 bytes) as the source MAC of the probe
        long nextIndex = hostProbeIndex.getAndIncrement();
        MacAddress probeMac = MacAddress.valueOf(MacAddress.NONE.toLong() + nextIndex);
        PendingHostLocation phl = new PendingHostLocation(hostId, connectPoint, probeMode);

        pendingHostsCache.put(probeMac, phl);
        pendingHosts.put(probeMac, phl);

        return probeMac;
    }

    @Override
    public void removePendingHostLocation(MacAddress probeMac) {
        // Add the host location if probe replied in-time in DISCOVER mode
        Optional.ofNullable(pendingHosts.get(probeMac)).ifPresent(phl -> {
            if (phl.probeMode() == ProbeMode.DISCOVER) {
                HostLocation newLocation = new HostLocation(phl.connectPoint(), System.currentTimeMillis());
                appendLocation(phl.hostId(), newLocation);
            }
        });

        pendingHostsCache.invalidate(probeMac);
        pendingHosts.remove(probeMac);
    }

    private boolean timeoutPendingHostLocation(MacAddress probeMac) {
        PendingHostLocation phl = pendingHosts.computeIfPresent(probeMac, (k, v) -> {
            v.setExpired(true);
            return v;
        });
        return phl != null;
    }

    private Set<Host> filter(Collection<DefaultHost> collection, Predicate<DefaultHost> predicate) {
        return collection.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toSet());
    }

    private Set<Host> addHosts(Host host) {
        Set<Host> hosts = Sets.newConcurrentHashSet();
        hosts.add(host);
        return hosts;
    }

    private Set<Host> updateHosts(Set<Host> existingHosts, Host host) {
        Iterator<Host> iterator = existingHosts.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Host existingHost = iterator.next();
            if (existingHost.id().equals(host.id())) {
                iterator.remove();
            }
        }
        existingHosts.add(host);
        return existingHosts;
    }

    private Set<Host> removeHosts(Set<Host> existingHosts, Host host) {
        if (existingHosts != null) {
            Iterator<Host> iterator = existingHosts.iterator();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                Host existingHost = iterator.next();
                if (existingHost.id().equals(host.id())) {
                    iterator.remove();
                }
            }
        }

        if (existingHosts == null || existingHosts.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }
        return existingHosts;
    }

    private void updateHostsByIp(DefaultHost host) {
        host.ipAddresses().forEach(ip -> {
            hostsByIp.compute(ip, (k, v) -> v == null ? addHosts(host)
                    : updateHosts(v, host));
        });
    }

    private void removeHostsByIp(DefaultHost host) {
        host.ipAddresses().forEach(ip -> {
            hostsByIp.computeIfPresent(ip, (k, v) -> removeHosts(v, host));
        });
    }

    private void removeIpFromHostsByIp(DefaultHost host, IpAddress ip) {
        hostsByIp.computeIfPresent(ip, (k, v) -> removeHosts(v, host));
    }

    private class HostLocationTracker implements MapEventListener<HostId, DefaultHost> {
        @Override
        public void event(MapEvent<HostId, DefaultHost> event) {
            DefaultHost host = checkNotNull(event.value().value());
            switch (event.type()) {
                case INSERT:
                    updateHostsByIp(host);
                    notifyDelegate(new HostEvent(HOST_ADDED, host));
                    break;
                case UPDATE:
                    updateHostsByIp(host);
                    DefaultHost prevHost = checkNotNull(event.oldValue().value());
                    if (!Objects.equals(prevHost.locations(), host.locations())) {
                        notifyDelegate(new HostEvent(HOST_MOVED, host, prevHost));
                    } else if (!Objects.equals(prevHost, host)) {
                        notifyDelegate(new HostEvent(HOST_UPDATED, host, prevHost));
                    }
                    break;
                case REMOVE:
                    removeHostsByIp(host);
                    notifyDelegate(new HostEvent(HOST_REMOVED, host));
                    break;
                default:
                    log.warn("Unknown map event type: {}", event.type());
            }
        }
    }

    private class PendingHostListener implements MapEventListener<MacAddress, PendingHostLocation> {
        @Override
        public void event(MapEvent<MacAddress, PendingHostLocation> event) {
            Versioned<PendingHostLocation> newValue = event.newValue();
            switch (event.type()) {
                case INSERT:
                    break;
                case UPDATE:
                    // Remove the host location if probe timeout in VERIFY mode
                    if (newValue.value().expired() && newValue.value().probeMode() == ProbeMode.VERIFY) {
                        locationRemover.execute(() -> {
                            pendingHosts.remove(event.key());
                            removeLocation(newValue.value().hostId(),
                                    new HostLocation(newValue.value().connectPoint(), 0L));
                        });
                    }
                    break;
                case REMOVE:
                    break;
                default:
                    log.warn("Unknown map event type: {}", event.type());
            }
        }
    }
}