/*
 * Copyright 2014-present Open Networking Laboratory
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.onlab.packet;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import static com.google.common.base.MoreObjects.toStringHelper;
import static org.onlab.packet.PacketUtils.*;

/**
 * Implements IPv4 packet format.
 */
public class IPv4 extends IP {
    public static final byte PROTOCOL_ICMP = 0x1;
    public static final byte PROTOCOL_IGMP = 0x2;
    public static final byte PROTOCOL_TCP = 0x6;
    public static final byte PROTOCOL_UDP = 0x11;
    public static final byte PROTOCOL_PIM = 0x67;
    public static final Map<Byte, Deserializer<? extends IPacket>> PROTOCOL_DESERIALIZER_MAP =
            new HashMap<>();

    static {
        IPv4.PROTOCOL_DESERIALIZER_MAP.put(IPv4.PROTOCOL_ICMP, ICMP.deserializer());
        IPv4.PROTOCOL_DESERIALIZER_MAP.put(IPv4.PROTOCOL_IGMP, IGMP.deserializer());
        IPv4.PROTOCOL_DESERIALIZER_MAP.put(IPv4.PROTOCOL_TCP, TCP.deserializer());
        IPv4.PROTOCOL_DESERIALIZER_MAP.put(IPv4.PROTOCOL_UDP, UDP.deserializer());
        IPv4.PROTOCOL_DESERIALIZER_MAP.put(IPv4.PROTOCOL_PIM, PIM.deserializer());
    }

    private static final byte DSCP_MASK = 0x3f;
    private static final byte DSCP_OFFSET = 2;
    private static final byte ECN_MASK = 0x3;

    private static final short HEADER_LENGTH = 20;

    protected byte version;
    protected byte headerLength;
    protected byte diffServ;
    protected short totalLength;
    protected short identification;
    protected byte flags;
    protected short fragmentOffset;
    protected byte ttl;
    protected byte protocol;
    protected short checksum;
    protected int sourceAddress;
    protected int destinationAddress;
    protected byte[] options;

    protected boolean isTruncated;

    /**
     * Default constructor that sets the version to 4.
     */
    public IPv4() {
        super();
        this.version = 4;
        this.isTruncated = false;
    }

    @Override
    public byte getVersion() {
        return this.version;
    }

    @Override
    public IPv4 setVersion(final byte version) {
        this.version = version;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @return the headerLength
     */
    public byte getHeaderLength() {
        return this.headerLength;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the DSCP value (6 bits).
     *
     * @return the DSCP value (6 bits)
     */
    public byte getDscp() {
        return (byte) ((this.diffServ >>> DSCP_OFFSET) & DSCP_MASK);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the DSCP value (6 bits).
     *
     * @param dscp the DSCP value (6 bits)
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setDscp(byte dscp) {
        this.diffServ &= ~(DSCP_MASK << DSCP_OFFSET);
        this.diffServ |= (dscp & DSCP_MASK) << DSCP_OFFSET;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the ECN value (2 bits).
     *
     * @return the ECN value (2 bits)
     */
    public byte getEcn() {
        return (byte) (this.diffServ & ECN_MASK);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the ECN value (2 bits).
     *
     * @param ecn the ECN value (2 bits)
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setEcn(byte ecn) {
        this.diffServ &= ~ECN_MASK;
        this.diffServ |= (ecn & ECN_MASK);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the DiffServ octet (including the DSCP and ECN bits).
     *
     * @return the diffServ octet (including the DSCP and ECN bits)
     */
    public byte getDiffServ() {
        return this.diffServ;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the DiffServ octet (including the DSCP and ECN bits).
     *
     * @param diffServ the diffServ octet to set (including the DSCP and ECN
     * bits)
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setDiffServ(final byte diffServ) {
        this.diffServ = diffServ;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @return the totalLength
     */
    public short getTotalLength() {
        return this.totalLength;
    }

    /**
     * @return the identification
     */
    public short getIdentification() {
        return this.identification;
    }

    public boolean isTruncated() {
        return this.isTruncated;
    }

    public void setTruncated(final boolean isTruncated) {
        this.isTruncated = isTruncated;
    }

    /**
     * @param identification
     *            the identification to set
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setIdentification(final short identification) {
        this.identification = identification;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @return the flags
     */
    public byte getFlags() {
        return this.flags;
    }

    /**
     * @param flags
     *            the flags to set
     * @return this
s     */
    public IPv4 setFlags(final byte flags) {
        this.flags = flags;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @return the fragmentOffset
     */
    public short getFragmentOffset() {
        return this.fragmentOffset;
    }

    /**
     * @param fragmentOffset
     *            the fragmentOffset to set
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setFragmentOffset(final short fragmentOffset) {
        this.fragmentOffset = fragmentOffset;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @return the ttl
     */
    public byte getTtl() {
        return this.ttl;
    }

    /**
     * @param ttl
     *            the ttl to set
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setTtl(final byte ttl) {
        this.ttl = ttl;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @return the protocol
     */
    public byte getProtocol() {
        return this.protocol;
    }

    /**
     * @param protocol
     *            the protocol to set
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setProtocol(final byte protocol) {
        this.protocol = protocol;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @return the checksum
     */
    public short getChecksum() {
        return this.checksum;
    }

    /**
     * @param checksum
     *            the checksum to set
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setChecksum(final short checksum) {
        this.checksum = checksum;
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public void resetChecksum() {
        this.checksum = 0;
        super.resetChecksum();
    }

    /**
     * @return the sourceAddress
     */
    public int getSourceAddress() {
        return this.sourceAddress;
    }

    /**
     * @param sourceAddress
     *            the sourceAddress to set
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setSourceAddress(final int sourceAddress) {
        this.sourceAddress = sourceAddress;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @param sourceAddress
     *            the sourceAddress to set
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setSourceAddress(final String sourceAddress) {
        this.sourceAddress = IPv4.toIPv4Address(sourceAddress);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @return the destinationAddress
     */
    public int getDestinationAddress() {
        return this.destinationAddress;
    }

    /**
     * @param destinationAddress
     *            the destinationAddress to set
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setDestinationAddress(final int destinationAddress) {
        this.destinationAddress = destinationAddress;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @param destinationAddress
     *            the destinationAddress to set
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setDestinationAddress(final String destinationAddress) {
        this.destinationAddress = IPv4.toIPv4Address(destinationAddress);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @return the options
     */
    public byte[] getOptions() {
        return this.options;
    }

    /**
     * @param options
     *            the options to set
     * @return this
     */
    public IPv4 setOptions(final byte[] options) {
        if (options != null && options.length % 4 > 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "Options length must be a multiple of 4");
        }
        this.options = options;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Serializes the packet. Will compute and set the following fields if they
     * are set to specific values at the time serialize is called: -checksum : 0
     * -headerLength : 0 -totalLength : 0
     */
    @Override
    public byte[] serialize() {
        byte[] payloadData = null;
        if (this.payload != null) {
            this.payload.setParent(this);
            payloadData = this.payload.serialize();
        }

        int optionsLength = 0;
        if (this.options != null) {
            optionsLength = this.options.length / 4;
        }
        this.headerLength = (byte) (5 + optionsLength);

        this.totalLength = (short) (this.headerLength * 4 + (payloadData == null ? 0
                : payloadData.length));

        final byte[] data = new byte[this.totalLength];
        final ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);

        bb.put((byte) ((this.version & 0xf) << 4 | this.headerLength & 0xf));
        bb.put(this.diffServ);
        bb.putShort(this.totalLength);
        bb.putShort(this.identification);
        bb.putShort((short) ((this.flags & 0x7) << 13 | this.fragmentOffset & 0x1fff));
        bb.put(this.ttl);
        bb.put(this.protocol);
        bb.putShort(this.checksum);
        bb.putInt(this.sourceAddress);
        bb.putInt(this.destinationAddress);
        if (this.options != null) {
            bb.put(this.options);
        }
        if (payloadData != null) {
            bb.put(payloadData);
        }

        // compute checksum if needed
        if (this.checksum == 0) {
            bb.rewind();
            int accumulation = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < this.headerLength * 2; ++i) {
                accumulation += 0xffff & bb.getShort();
            }
            accumulation = (accumulation >> 16 & 0xffff)
                    + (accumulation & 0xffff);
            this.checksum = (short) (~accumulation & 0xffff);
            bb.putShort(10, this.checksum);
        }
        return data;
    }

    @Override
    public IPacket deserialize(final byte[] data, final int offset,
                               final int length) {
        final ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(data, offset, length);
        short sscratch;

        this.version = bb.get();
        this.headerLength = (byte) (this.version & 0xf);
        this.version = (byte) (this.version >> 4 & 0xf);
        this.diffServ = bb.get();
        this.totalLength = bb.getShort();
        this.identification = bb.getShort();
        sscratch = bb.getShort();
        this.flags = (byte) (sscratch >> 13 & 0x7);
        this.fragmentOffset = (short) (sscratch & 0x1fff);
        this.ttl = bb.get();
        this.protocol = bb.get();
        this.checksum = bb.getShort();
        this.sourceAddress = bb.getInt();
        this.destinationAddress = bb.getInt();

        if (this.headerLength > 5) {
            final int optionsLength = (this.headerLength - 5) * 4;
            this.options = new byte[optionsLength];
            bb.get(this.options);
        }

        if (this.totalLength != length) {
            this.isTruncated = true;
        } else {
            this.isTruncated = false;
        }

        Deserializer<? extends IPacket> deserializer;
        if (IPv4.PROTOCOL_DESERIALIZER_MAP.containsKey(this.protocol)) {
            deserializer = IPv4.PROTOCOL_DESERIALIZER_MAP.get(this.protocol);
        } else {
            deserializer = Data.deserializer();
        }
        try {
            this.payload = deserializer.deserialize(data, bb.position(),
                                                    bb.limit() - bb.position());
            this.payload.setParent(this);
        } catch (DeserializationException e) {
            return this;
        }

        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Accepts an IPv4 address of the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, ie 192.168.0.1 and
     * returns the corresponding 32 bit integer.
     *
     * @param ipAddress ip address in string form
     * @return int ip address value
     */
    public static int toIPv4Address(final String ipAddress) {
        if (ipAddress == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Specified IPv4 address must"
                    + "contain 4 sets of numerical digits separated by periods");
        }
        final String[] octets = ipAddress.split("\\.");
        if (octets.length != 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Specified IPv4 address must"
                    + "contain 4 sets of numerical digits separated by periods");
        }

        int result = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
            result |= Integer.parseInt(octets[i]) << (3 - i) * 8;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Accepts an IPv4 address in a byte array and returns the corresponding
     * 32-bit integer value.
     *
     * @param ipAddress ip address in byte form
     * @return int ip address value
     */
    public static int toIPv4Address(final byte[] ipAddress) {
        int ip = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            final int t = (ipAddress[i] & 0xff) << (3 - i) * 8;
            ip |= t;
        }
        return ip;
    }

    /**
     * Accepts an IPv4 address and returns of string of the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx,
     * e.g., 192.168.0.1.
     *
     * @param ipAddress ip address in form
     * @return string form of ip address
     */
    public static String fromIPv4Address(final int ipAddress) {
        final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        int result = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
            result = ipAddress >> (3 - i) * 8 & 0xff;
        sb.append(result);
        if (i != 3) {
            sb.append(".");
        }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Accepts a collection of IPv4 addresses as integers and returns a single
     * String useful in toString method's containing collections of IP
     * addresses.
     *
     * @param ipAddresses
     *            collection
     * @return ip addresses in comma-separated string form
     */
    public static String fromIPv4AddressCollection(
            final Collection<Integer> ipAddresses) {
        if (ipAddresses == null) {
            return "null";
        }
        final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("[");
        for (final Integer ip : ipAddresses) {
            sb.append(IPv4.fromIPv4Address(ip));
            sb.append(",");
        }
        sb.replace(sb.length() - 1, sb.length(), "]");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Accepts an IPv4 address of the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, ie 192.168.0.1 and
     * returns the corresponding byte array.
     *
     * @param ipAddress
     *            The IP address in the form xx.xxx.xxx.xxx.
     * @return The IP address separated into bytes
     */
    public static byte[] toIPv4AddressBytes(final String ipAddress) {
        final String[] octets = ipAddress.split("\\.");
        if (octets.length != 4) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Specified IPv4 address must"
                    + "contain 4 sets of numerical digits separated by periods");
        }

        final byte[] result = new byte[4];
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
            result[i] = Integer.valueOf(octets[i]).byteValue();
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Accepts an IPv4 address in the form of an integer and returns the
     * corresponding byte array.
     *
     * @param ipAddress
     *            The IP address as an integer.
     * @return The IP address separated into bytes.
     */
    public static byte[] toIPv4AddressBytes(final int ipAddress) {
        return new byte[] {(byte) (ipAddress >>> 24),
                (byte) (ipAddress >>> 16), (byte) (ipAddress >>> 8),
                (byte) ipAddress};
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see java.lang.Object#hashCode()
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 2521;
        int result = super.hashCode();
        result = prime * result + this.checksum;
        result = prime * result + this.destinationAddress;
        result = prime * result + this.diffServ;
        result = prime * result + this.flags;
        result = prime * result + this.fragmentOffset;
        result = prime * result + this.headerLength;
        result = prime * result + this.identification;
        result = prime * result + Arrays.hashCode(this.options);
        result = prime * result + this.protocol;
        result = prime * result + this.sourceAddress;
        result = prime * result + this.totalLength;
        result = prime * result + this.ttl;
        result = prime * result + this.version;
        return result;
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!super.equals(obj)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!(obj instanceof IPv4)) {
            return false;
        }
        final IPv4 other = (IPv4) obj;
        if (this.checksum != other.checksum) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.destinationAddress != other.destinationAddress) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.diffServ != other.diffServ) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.flags != other.flags) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.fragmentOffset != other.fragmentOffset) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.headerLength != other.headerLength) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.identification != other.identification) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!Arrays.equals(this.options, other.options)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.protocol != other.protocol) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.sourceAddress != other.sourceAddress) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.totalLength != other.totalLength) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.ttl != other.ttl) {
            return false;
        }
        if (this.version != other.version) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Deserializer function for IPv4 packets.
     *
     * @return deserializer function
     */
    public static Deserializer<IPv4> deserializer() {
        return (data, offset, length) -> {
            checkInput(data, offset, length, HEADER_LENGTH);

            IPv4 ipv4 = new IPv4();

            final ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(data, offset, length);

            byte versionByte = bb.get();
            ipv4.headerLength = (byte) (versionByte & 0xf);
            ipv4.setVersion((byte) (versionByte >> 4 & 0xf));
            ipv4.setDiffServ(bb.get());
            ipv4.totalLength = bb.getShort();
            ipv4.identification = bb.getShort();
            short flagsFragment = bb.getShort();
            ipv4.flags = (byte) (flagsFragment >> 13 & 0x7);
            ipv4.fragmentOffset = (short) (flagsFragment & 0x1fff);
            ipv4.ttl = bb.get();
            ipv4.protocol = bb.get();
            ipv4.checksum = bb.getShort();
            ipv4.sourceAddress = bb.getInt();
            ipv4.destinationAddress = bb.getInt();

            if (ipv4.headerLength > 5) {
                checkHeaderLength(length, ipv4.headerLength * 4);

                int optionsLength = (ipv4.headerLength - 5) * 4;
                ipv4.options = new byte[optionsLength];
                bb.get(ipv4.options);
            }

            Deserializer<? extends IPacket> deserializer;
            if (IPv4.PROTOCOL_DESERIALIZER_MAP.containsKey(ipv4.protocol)) {
                deserializer = IPv4.PROTOCOL_DESERIALIZER_MAP.get(ipv4.protocol);
            } else {
                deserializer = Data.deserializer();
            }

            int remainingLength = bb.limit() - bb.position();
            int payloadLength = ipv4.totalLength - ipv4.headerLength * 4;
            int bytesToRead = (payloadLength <= remainingLength) ?
                    payloadLength : remainingLength;
            ipv4.payload = deserializer.deserialize(data, bb.position(), bytesToRead);
            ipv4.payload.setParent(ipv4);

            if (ipv4.totalLength != length) {
                ipv4.isTruncated = true;
            } else {
                ipv4.isTruncated = false;
            }

            return ipv4;
        };
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return toStringHelper(getClass())
                .add("version", Byte.toString(version))
                .add("headerLength", Byte.toString(headerLength))
                .add("diffServ", Byte.toString(diffServ))
                .add("totalLength", Short.toString(totalLength))
                .add("identification", Short.toString(identification))
                .add("flags", Byte.toString(flags))
                .add("fragmentOffset", Short.toString(fragmentOffset))
                .add("ttl", Byte.toString(ttl))
                .add("protocol", Byte.toString(protocol))
                .add("checksum", Short.toString(checksum))
                .add("sourceAddress", Integer.toString(sourceAddress))
                .add("destinationAddress", Integer.toString(destinationAddress))
                .add("options", Arrays.toString(options))
                .add("isTruncated", Boolean.toString(isTruncated))
                .toString();
    }
}