CORD-48 First checkin for enabling OF-DPA driver to support the SR app.
Filtering Objective support added. Driver renamed from OFDPA1 to OFDPA2.
Code refactored within driver to reflect test-code which will be used by
static flow-pusher app in the future.

Change-Id: I7132d8b8eaf28df7c11646c5a35035f258c65af4
diff --git a/drivers/src/main/java/org/onosproject/driver/pipeline/OFDPA2Pipeline.java b/drivers/src/main/java/org/onosproject/driver/pipeline/OFDPA2Pipeline.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd22969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/src/main/java/org/onosproject/driver/pipeline/OFDPA2Pipeline.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1345 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 Open Networking Laboratory
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.onosproject.driver.pipeline;
+
+import static org.onlab.util.Tools.groupedThreads;
+import static org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.onlab.osgi.ServiceDirectory;
+import org.onlab.packet.Data;
+import org.onlab.packet.Ethernet;
+import org.onlab.packet.IPv4;
+import org.onlab.packet.IpPrefix;
+import org.onlab.packet.MPLS;
+import org.onlab.packet.MacAddress;
+import org.onlab.packet.MplsLabel;
+import org.onlab.packet.UDP;
+import org.onlab.packet.VlanId;
+import org.onlab.util.KryoNamespace;
+import org.onosproject.core.ApplicationId;
+import org.onosproject.core.CoreService;
+import org.onosproject.core.DefaultGroupId;
+import org.onosproject.net.DeviceId;
+import org.onosproject.net.Port;
+import org.onosproject.net.PortNumber;
+import org.onosproject.net.behaviour.NextGroup;
+import org.onosproject.net.behaviour.Pipeliner;
+import org.onosproject.net.behaviour.PipelinerContext;
+import org.onosproject.net.device.DeviceService;
+import org.onosproject.net.driver.AbstractHandlerBehaviour;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.DefaultFlowRule;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.DefaultTrafficSelector;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.DefaultTrafficTreatment;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.FlowRule;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.FlowRuleOperations;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.FlowRuleOperationsContext;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.FlowRuleService;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.TrafficSelector;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.TrafficTreatment;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.criteria.Criteria;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.criteria.Criterion;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.criteria.EthCriterion;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.criteria.EthTypeCriterion;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.criteria.IPCriterion;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.criteria.PortCriterion;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.criteria.VlanIdCriterion;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.instructions.Instruction;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.instructions.Instructions.OutputInstruction;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.instructions.L2ModificationInstruction;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.instructions.L2ModificationInstruction.ModEtherInstruction;
+import org.onosproject.net.flow.instructions.L2ModificationInstruction.ModVlanIdInstruction;
+import org.onosproject.net.flowobjective.FilteringObjective;
+import org.onosproject.net.flowobjective.FlowObjectiveStore;
+import org.onosproject.net.flowobjective.ForwardingObjective;
+import org.onosproject.net.flowobjective.NextObjective;
+import org.onosproject.net.flowobjective.Objective;
+import org.onosproject.net.flowobjective.ObjectiveError;
+import org.onosproject.net.group.DefaultGroupBucket;
+import org.onosproject.net.group.DefaultGroupDescription;
+import org.onosproject.net.group.DefaultGroupKey;
+import org.onosproject.net.group.Group;
+import org.onosproject.net.group.GroupBucket;
+import org.onosproject.net.group.GroupBuckets;
+import org.onosproject.net.group.GroupDescription;
+import org.onosproject.net.group.GroupEvent;
+import org.onosproject.net.group.GroupKey;
+import org.onosproject.net.group.GroupListener;
+import org.onosproject.net.group.GroupService;
+import org.onosproject.net.packet.DefaultOutboundPacket;
+import org.onosproject.net.packet.OutboundPacket;
+import org.onosproject.net.packet.PacketContext;
+import org.onosproject.net.packet.PacketProcessor;
+import org.onosproject.net.packet.PacketService;
+import org.onosproject.store.serializers.KryoNamespaces;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
+import com.google.common.cache.RemovalCause;
+import com.google.common.cache.RemovalNotification;
+
+/**
+ * Driver for Broadcom's OF-DPA v2.0 TTP.
+ *
+ */
+public class OFDPA2Pipeline extends AbstractHandlerBehaviour implements Pipeliner {
+
+    protected static final int PORT_TABLE = 0;
+    protected static final int VLAN_TABLE = 10;
+    protected static final int TMAC_TABLE = 20;
+    protected static final int UNICAST_ROUTING_TABLE = 30;
+    protected static final int MULTICAST_ROUTING_TABLE = 40;
+    protected static final int MPLS_TABLE_0 = 23;
+    protected static final int MPLS_TABLE_1 = 24;
+    protected static final int BRIDGING_TABLE = 50;
+    protected static final int ACL_TABLE = 60;
+    protected static final int MAC_LEARNING_TABLE = 254;
+    protected static final long OFPP_MAX = 0xffffff00L;
+
+    private static final int HIGHEST_PRIORITY = 0xffff;
+    private static final int DEFAULT_PRIORITY = 0x8000;
+    protected static final int LOWEST_PRIORITY = 0x0;
+
+    /*
+     * Group keys are normally generated by using the next Objective id. In the
+     * case of a next objective resulting in a group chain, each group derives a
+     * group key from the next objective id in the following way:
+     * The upper 4 bits of the group-key are used to denote the position of the
+     * group in the group chain. For example, in the chain
+     * group0 --> group1 --> group2 --> port
+     * group0's group key would have the upper 4 bits as 0, group1's upper four
+     * bits would be 1, and so on
+     */
+    private static final int GROUP0MASK = 0x0;
+    private static final int GROUP1MASK = 0x10000000;
+
+    /*
+     * OFDPA requires group-id's to have a certain form.
+     * L2 Interface Groups have <4bits-0><12bits-vlanid><16bits-portid>
+     * L3 Unicast Groups have <4bits-2><28bits-index>
+     */
+    private static final int L2INTERFACEMASK = 0x0;
+    private static final int L3UNICASTMASK = 0x20000000;
+    //private static final int MPLSINTERFACEMASK = 0x90000000;
+    private static final int L3ECMPMASK = 0x70000000;
+
+    /*
+     * This driver assigns all incoming untagged packets the same VLAN ID
+     */
+    private static final short UNTAGGED_ASSIGNED_VLAN = 0xffa; // 4090
+
+
+    private final Logger log = getLogger(getClass());
+    private ServiceDirectory serviceDirectory;
+    protected FlowRuleService flowRuleService;
+    private CoreService coreService;
+    private GroupService groupService;
+    private FlowObjectiveStore flowObjectiveStore;
+    protected DeviceId deviceId;
+    protected ApplicationId driverId;
+    protected PacketService packetService;
+    protected DeviceService deviceService;
+    private InternalPacketProcessor processor = new InternalPacketProcessor();
+    private KryoNamespace appKryo = new KryoNamespace.Builder()
+        .register(KryoNamespaces.API)
+        .register(GroupKey.class)
+        .register(DefaultGroupKey.class)
+        .register(OfdpaGroupChain.class)
+        .register(byte[].class)
+        .build();
+
+    private Cache<GroupKey, OfdpaGroupChain> pendingNextObjectives;
+    private ConcurrentHashMap<GroupKey, GroupChainElem> pendingGroups;
+
+    private ScheduledExecutorService groupChecker =
+            Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2, groupedThreads("onos/pipeliner",
+                                                               "ofdpa2-%d"));
+    private Set<IPCriterion> sentIpFilters = Collections.newSetFromMap(
+                                               new ConcurrentHashMap<IPCriterion, Boolean>());
+
+    @Override
+    public void init(DeviceId deviceId, PipelinerContext context) {
+        this.serviceDirectory = context.directory();
+        this.deviceId = deviceId;
+
+        pendingNextObjectives = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
+                .expireAfterWrite(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+                .removalListener((RemovalNotification<GroupKey, OfdpaGroupChain> notification) -> {
+                    if (notification.getCause() == RemovalCause.EXPIRED) {
+                        fail(notification.getValue().nextObjective(),
+                             ObjectiveError.GROUPINSTALLATIONFAILED);
+                    }
+                }).build();
+
+        groupChecker.scheduleAtFixedRate(new GroupChecker(), 0, 500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        pendingGroups = new ConcurrentHashMap<GroupKey, GroupChainElem>();
+
+        coreService = serviceDirectory.get(CoreService.class);
+        flowRuleService = serviceDirectory.get(FlowRuleService.class);
+        groupService = serviceDirectory.get(GroupService.class);
+        flowObjectiveStore = context.store();
+        packetService = serviceDirectory.get(PacketService.class);
+        deviceService = serviceDirectory.get(DeviceService.class);
+        packetService.addProcessor(processor, PacketProcessor.director(2));
+        groupService.addListener(new InnerGroupListener());
+
+        driverId = coreService.registerApplication(
+                "org.onosproject.driver.OFDPA2Pipeline");
+
+        // OF-DPA does not require initializing the pipeline as it puts default
+        // rules automatically in the hardware. However emulation of OFDPA in
+        // software switches does require table-miss-entries.
+        initializePipeline();
+
+    }
+
+    protected void initializePipeline() {
+
+    }
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////
+    //  Flow Objectives
+    //////////////////////////////////////
+
+    @Override
+    public void filter(FilteringObjective filteringObjective) {
+        if (filteringObjective.type() == FilteringObjective.Type.PERMIT) {
+            processFilter(filteringObjective,
+                          filteringObjective.op() == Objective.Operation.ADD,
+                          filteringObjective.appId());
+        } else {
+            // Note that packets that don't match the PERMIT filter are
+            // automatically denied. The DENY filter is used to deny packets
+            // that are otherwise permitted by the PERMIT filter.
+            // Use ACL table flow rules here for DENY filtering objectives
+            log.debug("filter objective other than PERMIT currently not supported");
+            fail(filteringObjective, ObjectiveError.UNSUPPORTED);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void forward(ForwardingObjective fwd) {
+        Collection<FlowRule> rules;
+        FlowRuleOperations.Builder flowOpsBuilder = FlowRuleOperations.builder();
+
+        rules = processForward(fwd);
+        switch (fwd.op()) {
+            case ADD:
+                rules.stream()
+                        .filter(rule -> rule != null)
+                        .forEach(flowOpsBuilder::add);
+                break;
+            case REMOVE:
+                rules.stream()
+                        .filter(rule -> rule != null)
+                        .forEach(flowOpsBuilder::remove);
+                break;
+            default:
+                fail(fwd, ObjectiveError.UNKNOWN);
+                log.warn("Unknown forwarding type {}", fwd.op());
+        }
+
+
+        flowRuleService.apply(flowOpsBuilder.build(new FlowRuleOperationsContext() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                pass(fwd);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                fail(fwd, ObjectiveError.FLOWINSTALLATIONFAILED);
+            }
+        }));
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void next(NextObjective nextObjective) {
+        switch (nextObjective.type()) {
+        case SIMPLE:
+            Collection<TrafficTreatment> treatments = nextObjective.next();
+            if (treatments.size() != 1) {
+                log.error("Next Objectives of type Simple should only have a "
+                        + "single Traffic Treatment. Next Objective Id:{}", nextObjective.id());
+               fail(nextObjective, ObjectiveError.BADPARAMS);
+               return;
+            }
+            processSimpleNextObjective(nextObjective);
+            break;
+        case HASHED:
+        case BROADCAST:
+        case FAILOVER:
+            fail(nextObjective, ObjectiveError.UNSUPPORTED);
+            log.warn("Unsupported next objective type {}", nextObjective.type());
+            break;
+        default:
+            fail(nextObjective, ObjectiveError.UNKNOWN);
+            log.warn("Unknown next objective type {}", nextObjective.type());
+        }
+    }
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////
+    //  Flow handling
+    //////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /**
+     * As per OFDPA 2.0 TTP, filtering of VLAN ids, MAC addresses (for routing)
+     * and IP addresses configured on switch ports happen in different tables.
+     * Note that IP filtering rules need to be added to the ACL table, as there
+     * is no mechanism to send to controller via IP table.
+     *
+     * @param filt      the filtering objective
+     * @param install   indicates whether to add or remove the objective
+     * @param applicationId     the application that sent this objective
+     */
+    private void processFilter(FilteringObjective filt,
+                               boolean install, ApplicationId applicationId) {
+        // This driver only processes filtering criteria defined with switch
+        // ports as the key
+        PortCriterion portCriterion = null;
+        EthCriterion ethCriterion = null;
+        VlanIdCriterion vidCriterion = null;
+        Collection<IPCriterion> ips = new ArrayList<IPCriterion>();
+        if (!filt.key().equals(Criteria.dummy()) &&
+                filt.key().type() == Criterion.Type.IN_PORT) {
+            portCriterion = (PortCriterion) filt.key();
+        } else {
+            log.warn("No key defined in filtering objective from app: {}. Not"
+                    + "processing filtering objective", applicationId);
+            fail(filt, ObjectiveError.UNKNOWN);
+            return;
+        }
+        // convert filtering conditions for switch-intfs into flowrules
+        FlowRuleOperations.Builder ops = FlowRuleOperations.builder();
+        for (Criterion criterion : filt.conditions()) {
+            if (criterion.type() == Criterion.Type.ETH_DST) {
+                ethCriterion = (EthCriterion) criterion;
+            } else if (criterion.type() == Criterion.Type.VLAN_VID) {
+                vidCriterion = (VlanIdCriterion) criterion;
+            } else if (criterion.type() == Criterion.Type.IPV4_DST) {
+                ips.add((IPCriterion) criterion);
+            } else {
+                log.error("Unsupported filter {}", criterion);
+                fail(filt, ObjectiveError.UNSUPPORTED);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (ethCriterion == null) {
+            log.debug("filtering objective missing dstMac, cannot program TMAC table");
+        } else {
+            for (FlowRule tmacRule : processEthDstFilter(portCriterion, ethCriterion,
+                                                         vidCriterion, applicationId)) {
+                log.debug("adding MAC filtering rules in TMAC table: {} for dev: {}",
+                          tmacRule, deviceId);
+                ops = install ? ops.add(tmacRule) : ops.remove(tmacRule);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (ethCriterion == null || vidCriterion == null) {
+            log.debug("filtering objective missing dstMac or vlan, cannot program"
+                    + "Vlan Table");
+        } else {
+            for (FlowRule vlanRule : processVlanIdFilter(portCriterion, vidCriterion,
+                                                         applicationId)) {
+                log.debug("adding VLAN filtering rule in VLAN table: {} for dev: {}",
+                          vlanRule, deviceId);
+                ops = install ? ops.add(vlanRule) : ops.remove(vlanRule);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (IPCriterion ipaddr : ips) {
+            // since we ignore port information for IP rules, and the same (gateway) IP
+            // can be configured on multiple ports, we make sure that we send
+            // only a single rule to the switch.
+            if (!sentIpFilters.contains(ipaddr)) {
+                sentIpFilters.add(ipaddr);
+                log.debug("adding IP filtering rules in ACL table {} for dev: {}",
+                          ipaddr, deviceId);
+                TrafficSelector.Builder selector = DefaultTrafficSelector.builder();
+                TrafficTreatment.Builder treatment = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+                selector.matchEthType(Ethernet.TYPE_IPV4);
+                selector.matchIPDst(ipaddr.ip());
+                treatment.setOutput(PortNumber.CONTROLLER);
+                FlowRule rule = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                        .forDevice(deviceId)
+                        .withSelector(selector.build())
+                        .withTreatment(treatment.build())
+                        .withPriority(HIGHEST_PRIORITY)
+                        .fromApp(applicationId)
+                        .makePermanent()
+                        .forTable(ACL_TABLE).build();
+                ops = install ? ops.add(rule) : ops.remove(rule);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // apply filtering flow rules
+        flowRuleService.apply(ops.build(new FlowRuleOperationsContext() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Applied {} filtering rules in device {}",
+                         ops.stages().get(0).size(), deviceId);
+                pass(filt);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Failed to apply all filtering rules in dev {}", deviceId);
+                fail(filt, ObjectiveError.FLOWINSTALLATIONFAILED);
+            }
+        }));
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Allows untagged packets into pipeline by assigning a vlan id.
+     * Allows tagged packets into pipeline as per configured port-vlan info.
+     * @param portCriterion   port on device for which this filter is programmed
+     * @param vidCriterion   vlan assigned to port, or NONE for untagged
+     * @param applicationId  for application programming this filter
+     * @return list of FlowRule for port-vlan filters
+     */
+    protected List<FlowRule> processVlanIdFilter(PortCriterion portCriterion,
+                                                 VlanIdCriterion vidCriterion,
+                                                 ApplicationId applicationId) {
+        List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<FlowRule>();
+        TrafficSelector.Builder selector = DefaultTrafficSelector.builder();
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder treatment = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        selector.matchVlanId(vidCriterion.vlanId());
+        if (vidCriterion.vlanId() == VlanId.NONE) {
+            // untagged packets are assigned vlans
+            treatment.pushVlan().setVlanId(VlanId.vlanId(UNTAGGED_ASSIGNED_VLAN));
+            // XXX ofdpa may require an additional vlan match on the assigned vlan
+            // and it may not require the push.
+        }
+        treatment.transition(TMAC_TABLE);
+
+        // ofdpa cannot match on ALL portnumber, so we need to use separate
+        // rules for each port.
+        List<PortNumber> portnums = new ArrayList<PortNumber>();
+        if (portCriterion.port() == PortNumber.ALL) {
+            for (Port port : deviceService.getPorts(deviceId)) {
+                if (port.number().toLong() > 0 && port.number().toLong() < OFPP_MAX) {
+                    portnums.add(port.number());
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            portnums.add(portCriterion.port());
+        }
+        for (PortNumber pnum : portnums) {
+            selector.matchInPort(pnum);
+            FlowRule rule = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                    .forDevice(deviceId)
+                    .withSelector(selector.build())
+                    .withTreatment(treatment.build())
+                    .withPriority(DEFAULT_PRIORITY)
+                    .fromApp(applicationId)
+                    .makePermanent()
+                    .forTable(VLAN_TABLE).build();
+            rules.add(rule);
+        }
+        return rules;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Allows routed packets with correct destination MAC to be directed
+     * to unicast-IP routing table or MPLS forwarding table.
+     * XXX need to add rule for multicast routing.
+     *
+     * @param portCriterion  port on device for which this filter is programmed
+     * @param ethCriterion   dstMac of device for which is filter is programmed
+     * @param vidCriterion   vlan assigned to port, or NONE for untagged
+     * @param applicationId  for application programming this filter
+     * @return list of FlowRule for port-vlan filters
+
+     */
+    protected List<FlowRule> processEthDstFilter(PortCriterion portCriterion,
+                                                 EthCriterion ethCriterion,
+                                                 VlanIdCriterion vidCriterion,
+                                                 ApplicationId applicationId) {
+        //handling untagged packets via assigned VLAN
+        if (vidCriterion.vlanId() == VlanId.NONE) {
+            vidCriterion = (VlanIdCriterion) Criteria
+                                .matchVlanId(VlanId.vlanId(UNTAGGED_ASSIGNED_VLAN));
+        }
+        // ofdpa cannot match on ALL portnumber, so we need to use separate
+        // rules for each port.
+        List<PortNumber> portnums = new ArrayList<PortNumber>();
+        if (portCriterion.port() == PortNumber.ALL) {
+            for (Port port : deviceService.getPorts(deviceId)) {
+                if (port.number().toLong() > 0 && port.number().toLong() < OFPP_MAX) {
+                    portnums.add(port.number());
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            portnums.add(portCriterion.port());
+        }
+
+        List<FlowRule> rules = new ArrayList<FlowRule>();
+        for (PortNumber pnum : portnums) {
+            // for unicast IP packets
+            TrafficSelector.Builder selector = DefaultTrafficSelector.builder();
+            TrafficTreatment.Builder treatment = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+            selector.matchInPort(pnum);
+            selector.matchVlanId(vidCriterion.vlanId());
+            selector.matchEthType(Ethernet.TYPE_IPV4);
+            selector.matchEthDst(ethCriterion.mac());
+            treatment.transition(UNICAST_ROUTING_TABLE);
+            FlowRule rule = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                    .forDevice(deviceId)
+                    .withSelector(selector.build())
+                    .withTreatment(treatment.build())
+                    .withPriority(DEFAULT_PRIORITY)
+                    .fromApp(applicationId)
+                    .makePermanent()
+                    .forTable(TMAC_TABLE).build();
+            rules.add(rule);
+            //for MPLS packets
+            selector = DefaultTrafficSelector.builder();
+            treatment = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+            selector.matchInPort(pnum);
+            selector.matchVlanId(vidCriterion.vlanId());
+            selector.matchEthType(Ethernet.MPLS_UNICAST);
+            selector.matchEthDst(ethCriterion.mac());
+            treatment.transition(MPLS_TABLE_0);
+            rule = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                    .forDevice(deviceId)
+                    .withSelector(selector.build())
+                    .withTreatment(treatment.build())
+                    .withPriority(DEFAULT_PRIORITY)
+                    .fromApp(applicationId)
+                    .makePermanent()
+                    .forTable(TMAC_TABLE).build();
+            rules.add(rule);
+        }
+        return rules;
+    }
+
+    private Collection<FlowRule> processForward(ForwardingObjective fwd) {
+        switch (fwd.flag()) {
+            case SPECIFIC:
+                return processSpecific(fwd);
+            case VERSATILE:
+                return processVersatile(fwd);
+            default:
+                fail(fwd, ObjectiveError.UNKNOWN);
+                log.warn("Unknown forwarding flag {}", fwd.flag());
+        }
+        return Collections.emptySet();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In the OF-DPA 2.0 pipeline, versatile forwarding objectives go to the
+     * ACL table.
+     * @param fwd  the forwarding objective of type 'versatile'
+     * @return     a collection of flow rules to be sent to the switch. An empty
+     *             collection may be returned if there is a problem in processing
+     *             the flow rule
+     */
+    private Collection<FlowRule> processVersatile(ForwardingObjective fwd) {
+        log.info("Processing versatile forwarding objective");
+        TrafficSelector selector = fwd.selector();
+
+        EthTypeCriterion ethType =
+                (EthTypeCriterion) selector.getCriterion(Criterion.Type.ETH_TYPE);
+        if (ethType == null) {
+            log.error("Versatile forwarding objective must include ethType");
+            fail(fwd, ObjectiveError.BADPARAMS);
+            return Collections.emptySet();
+        }
+        if (fwd.nextId() == null && fwd.treatment() == null) {
+            log.error("Forwarding objective {} from {} must contain "
+                    + "nextId or Treatment", fwd.selector(), fwd.appId());
+            return Collections.emptySet();
+        }
+        // XXX driver does not currently do type checking as per Tables 65-67 in
+        // OFDPA 2.0 spec. The only allowed treatment is a punt to the controller.
+        if (fwd.treatment() != null &&
+                fwd.treatment().allInstructions().size() == 1 &&
+                fwd.treatment().allInstructions().get(0).type() == Instruction.Type.OUTPUT) {
+            OutputInstruction o = (OutputInstruction) fwd.treatment().allInstructions().get(0);
+            if (o.port() == PortNumber.CONTROLLER) {
+                FlowRule.Builder ruleBuilder = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                        .fromApp(fwd.appId())
+                        .withPriority(fwd.priority())
+                        .forDevice(deviceId)
+                        .withSelector(fwd.selector())
+                        .withTreatment(fwd.treatment())
+                        .makePermanent()
+                        .forTable(ACL_TABLE);
+                return Collections.singletonList(ruleBuilder.build());
+            } else {
+                log.warn("Only allowed treatments in versatile forwarding "
+                        + "objectives are punts to the controller");
+                return Collections.emptySet();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (fwd.nextId() != null) {
+            // XXX overide case
+            log.warn("versatile objective --> next Id not yet implemeted");
+        }
+        return Collections.emptySet();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In the OF-DPA 2.0 pipeline, specific forwarding refers to the IP table
+     * (unicast or multicast) or the L2 table (mac + vlan).
+     *
+     * @param fwd the forwarding objective of type 'specific'
+     * @return    a collection of flow rules. Typically there will be only one
+     *            for this type of forwarding objective. An empty set may be
+     *            returned if there is an issue in processing the objective.
+     */
+    private Collection<FlowRule> processSpecific(ForwardingObjective fwd) {
+        log.debug("Processing specific forwarding objective");
+        TrafficSelector selector = fwd.selector();
+        EthTypeCriterion ethType =
+                (EthTypeCriterion) selector.getCriterion(Criterion.Type.ETH_TYPE);
+        // XXX currently supporting only the L3 unicast table
+        if (ethType == null || ethType.ethType().toShort() != Ethernet.TYPE_IPV4) {
+            fail(fwd, ObjectiveError.UNSUPPORTED);
+            return Collections.emptySet();
+        }
+
+        TrafficSelector filteredSelector =
+                DefaultTrafficSelector.builder()
+                        .matchEthType(Ethernet.TYPE_IPV4)
+                        .matchIPDst(
+                                ((IPCriterion)
+                                        selector.getCriterion(Criterion.Type.IPV4_DST)).ip())
+                        .build();
+
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder tb = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+
+        if (fwd.nextId() != null) {
+            NextGroup next = flowObjectiveStore.getNextGroup(fwd.nextId());
+            List<GroupKey> gkeys = appKryo.deserialize(next.data());
+            Group group = groupService.getGroup(deviceId, gkeys.get(0));
+            if (group == null) {
+                log.warn("The group left!");
+                fail(fwd, ObjectiveError.GROUPMISSING);
+                return Collections.emptySet();
+            }
+            tb.deferred().group(group.id());
+        }
+        tb.transition(ACL_TABLE);
+        FlowRule.Builder ruleBuilder = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                .fromApp(fwd.appId())
+                .withPriority(fwd.priority())
+                .forDevice(deviceId)
+                .withSelector(filteredSelector)
+                .withTreatment(tb.build());
+
+        if (fwd.permanent()) {
+            ruleBuilder.makePermanent();
+        } else {
+            ruleBuilder.makeTemporary(fwd.timeout());
+        }
+
+        ruleBuilder.forTable(UNICAST_ROUTING_TABLE);
+        return Collections.singletonList(ruleBuilder.build());
+    }
+
+    private void pass(Objective obj) {
+        if (obj.context().isPresent()) {
+            obj.context().get().onSuccess(obj);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void fail(Objective obj, ObjectiveError error) {
+        if (obj.context().isPresent()) {
+            obj.context().get().onError(obj, error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////
+    //  Group handling
+    //////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /**
+     * As per the OFDPA 2.0 TTP, packets are sent out of ports by using
+     * a chain of groups, namely an L3 Unicast Group that points to an L2 Interface
+     * Group which in turns points to an output port. The Next Objective passed
+     * in by the application has to be broken up into a group chain
+     * to satisfy this TTP.
+     *
+     * @param nextObj  the nextObjective of type SIMPLE
+     */
+    private void processSimpleNextObjective(NextObjective nextObj) {
+        // break up simple next objective to GroupChain objects
+        TrafficTreatment treatment = nextObj.next().iterator().next();
+        // for the l2interface group, get vlan and port info
+        // for the l3unicast group, get the src/dst mac and vlan info
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder l3utt = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder l2itt = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        VlanId vlanid = null;
+        long portNum = 0;
+        for (Instruction ins : treatment.allInstructions()) {
+            if (ins.type() == Instruction.Type.L2MODIFICATION) {
+                L2ModificationInstruction l2ins = (L2ModificationInstruction) ins;
+                switch (l2ins.subtype()) {
+                case ETH_DST:
+                    l3utt.setEthDst(((ModEtherInstruction) l2ins).mac());
+                    break;
+                case ETH_SRC:
+                    l3utt.setEthSrc(((ModEtherInstruction) l2ins).mac());
+                    break;
+                case VLAN_ID:
+                    vlanid = ((ModVlanIdInstruction) l2ins).vlanId();
+                    l3utt.setVlanId(vlanid);
+                    break;
+                case DEC_MPLS_TTL:
+                case MPLS_LABEL:
+                case MPLS_POP:
+                case MPLS_PUSH:
+                case VLAN_PCP:
+                case VLAN_POP:
+                case VLAN_PUSH:
+                default:
+                    break;
+                }
+            } else if (ins.type() == Instruction.Type.OUTPUT) {
+                portNum = ((OutputInstruction) ins).port().toLong();
+                l2itt.add(ins);
+            } else {
+                log.warn("Driver does not handle this type of TrafficTreatment"
+                        + " instruction in nextObjectives:  {}", ins.type());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // assemble information for ofdpa l2interface group
+        int l2gk = nextObj.id() | GROUP1MASK;
+        final GroupKey l2groupkey = new DefaultGroupKey(appKryo.serialize(l2gk));
+        Integer l2groupId = L2INTERFACEMASK | (vlanid.toShort() << 16) | (int) portNum;
+
+        // assemble information for ofdpa l3unicast group
+        int l3gk = nextObj.id() | GROUP0MASK;
+        final GroupKey l3groupkey = new DefaultGroupKey(appKryo.serialize(l3gk));
+        Integer l3groupId = L3UNICASTMASK | (int) portNum;
+        l3utt.group(new DefaultGroupId(l2groupId));
+        GroupChainElem gce = new GroupChainElem(l3groupkey, l3groupId,
+                                                l3utt.build(), nextObj.appId());
+
+        // create object for local and distributed storage
+        List<GroupKey> gkeys = new ArrayList<GroupKey>();
+        gkeys.add(l3groupkey); // group0 in chain
+        gkeys.add(l2groupkey); // group1 in chain
+        OfdpaGroupChain ofdpaGrp = new OfdpaGroupChain(gkeys, nextObj);
+
+        // store l2groupkey with the groupChainElem for the l3group that depends on it
+        pendingGroups.put(l2groupkey, gce);
+
+        // store l3groupkey with the ofdpaGroupChain for the nextObjective that depends on it
+        pendingNextObjectives.put(l3groupkey, ofdpaGrp);
+
+        // create group description for the ofdpa l2interfacegroup and send to groupservice
+        GroupBucket bucket =
+                DefaultGroupBucket.createIndirectGroupBucket(l2itt.build());
+        GroupDescription groupDescription = new DefaultGroupDescription(deviceId,
+                             GroupDescription.Type.INDIRECT,
+                             new GroupBuckets(Collections.singletonList(bucket)),
+                             l2groupkey,
+                             l2groupId,
+                             nextObj.appId());
+        groupService.addGroup(groupDescription);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Processes next element of a group chain. Assumption is that if this
+     * group points to another group, the latter has already been created
+     * and this driver has received notification for it. A second assumption is
+     * that if there is another group waiting for this group then the appropriate
+     * stores already have the information to act upon the notification for the
+     * creating of this group.
+     *
+     * @param gce the group chain element to be processed next
+     */
+    private void processGroupChain(GroupChainElem gce) {
+        GroupBucket bucket = DefaultGroupBucket
+                .createIndirectGroupBucket(gce.getBucketActions());
+        GroupDescription groupDesc = new DefaultGroupDescription(deviceId,
+                             GroupDescription.Type.INDIRECT,
+                             new GroupBuckets(Collections.singletonList(bucket)),
+                             gce.getGkey(),
+                             gce.getGivenGroupId(),
+                             gce.getAppId());
+        groupService.addGroup(groupDesc);
+    }
+
+
+    private class GroupChecker implements Runnable {
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            Set<GroupKey> keys = pendingGroups.keySet().stream()
+                    .filter(key -> groupService.getGroup(deviceId, key) != null)
+                    .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+            Set<GroupKey> otherkeys = pendingNextObjectives.asMap().keySet().stream()
+                    .filter(otherkey -> groupService.getGroup(deviceId, otherkey) != null)
+                    .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+            keys.addAll(otherkeys);
+
+            keys.stream().forEach(key -> {
+                //first check for group chain
+                GroupChainElem gce = pendingGroups.remove(key);
+                if (gce != null) {
+                    log.info("Group service processed group key {}. Processing next "
+                            + "group in group chain with group key {}",
+                            appKryo.deserialize(key.key()),
+                            appKryo.deserialize(gce.getGkey().key()));
+                    processGroupChain(gce);
+                } else {
+                    OfdpaGroupChain obj = pendingNextObjectives.getIfPresent(key);
+                    log.info("Group service processed group key {}. Done implementing "
+                            + "next objective: {}", appKryo.deserialize(key.key()),
+                            obj.nextObjective().id());
+                    if (obj != null) {
+                        pass(obj.nextObjective());
+                        pendingNextObjectives.invalidate(key);
+                        flowObjectiveStore.putNextGroup(obj.nextObjective().id(), obj);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class InnerGroupListener implements GroupListener {
+        @Override
+        public void event(GroupEvent event) {
+            log.debug("received group event of type {}", event.type());
+            if (event.type() == GroupEvent.Type.GROUP_ADDED) {
+                GroupKey key = event.subject().appCookie();
+                // first check for group chain
+                GroupChainElem gce = pendingGroups.remove(key);
+                if (gce != null) {
+                    log.info("group ADDED with group key {} .. "
+                            + "Processing next group in group chain with group key {}",
+                            appKryo.deserialize(key.key()),
+                            appKryo.deserialize(gce.getGkey().key()));
+                    processGroupChain(gce);
+                } else {
+                    OfdpaGroupChain obj = pendingNextObjectives.getIfPresent(key);
+                    if (obj != null) {
+                        log.info("group ADDED with key {}.. Done implementing next "
+                                + "objective: {}",
+                                appKryo.deserialize(key.key()), obj.nextObjective().id());
+                        pass(obj.nextObjective());
+                        pendingNextObjectives.invalidate(key);
+                        flowObjectiveStore.putNextGroup(obj.nextObjective().id(), obj);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a group-chain that implements a Next-Objective from
+     * the application. Includes information about the next objective Id, and the
+     * group keys for the groups in the group chain. The chain is expected to
+     * look like group0 --> group 1 --> outPort. Information about the groups
+     * themselves can be fetched from the Group Service using the group keys from
+     * objects instantiating this class.
+     */
+    private class OfdpaGroupChain implements NextGroup {
+        private final NextObjective nextObj;
+        private final List<GroupKey> gkeys;
+
+        /** expected group chain: group0 --> group1 --> port. */
+        public OfdpaGroupChain(List<GroupKey> gkeys, NextObjective nextObj) {
+            this.gkeys = gkeys;
+            this.nextObj = nextObj;
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+        public List<GroupKey> groupKeys() {
+            return gkeys;
+        }
+
+        public NextObjective nextObjective() {
+            return nextObj;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public byte[] data() {
+            return appKryo.serialize(gkeys);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a group element that is part of a chain of groups.
+     * Stores enough information to create a Group Description to add the group
+     * to the switch by requesting the Group Service. Objects instantiating this
+     * class are meant to be temporary and live as long as it is needed to wait for
+     * preceding groups in the group chain to be created.
+     */
+    private class GroupChainElem {
+        private TrafficTreatment bucketActions;
+        private Integer givenGroupId;
+        private GroupKey gkey;
+        private ApplicationId appId;
+
+        public GroupChainElem(GroupKey gkey, Integer givenGroupId,
+                              TrafficTreatment tr, ApplicationId appId) {
+            this.bucketActions = tr;
+            this.givenGroupId = givenGroupId;
+            this.gkey = gkey;
+            this.appId = appId;
+        }
+
+        public TrafficTreatment getBucketActions() {
+            return bucketActions;
+        }
+
+        public Integer getGivenGroupId() {
+            return givenGroupId;
+        }
+
+        public GroupKey getGkey() {
+            return gkey;
+        }
+
+        public ApplicationId getAppId() {
+            return appId;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////
+    //  Test code to be used for future
+    //  static-flow-pusher app
+    //////////////////////////////////////
+
+    public void processStaticFlows() {
+        //processPortTable();
+        processGroupTable();
+        processVlanTable();
+        processTmacTable();
+        processIpTable();
+        //processMcastTable();
+        //processBridgingTable();
+        processAclTable();
+        sendPackets();
+        processMplsTable();
+    }
+
+    protected void processGroupTable() {
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder act = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+
+        act.popVlan(); // to send out untagged packets
+        act.setOutput(PortNumber.portNumber(24));
+        GroupBucket bucket =
+                DefaultGroupBucket.createIndirectGroupBucket(act.build());
+        final GroupKey groupkey = new DefaultGroupKey(appKryo.serialize(500));
+        Integer groupId = 0x00c80018; //l2 interface, vlan 200, port 24
+        GroupDescription groupDescription = new DefaultGroupDescription(deviceId,
+                             GroupDescription.Type.INDIRECT,
+                             new GroupBuckets(Collections.singletonList(bucket)),
+                             groupkey,
+                             groupId,
+                             driverId);
+        groupService.addGroup(groupDescription);
+
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder act2 = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        act2.setOutput(PortNumber.portNumber(40));
+        GroupBucket bucket2 = DefaultGroupBucket.createIndirectGroupBucket(act2.build());
+        final GroupKey groupkey2 = new DefaultGroupKey(appKryo.serialize(502));
+        Integer groupId2 = 0x00c50028; //l2 interface, vlan 197, port 40
+        GroupDescription groupDescription2 = new DefaultGroupDescription(deviceId,
+                             GroupDescription.Type.INDIRECT,
+                             new GroupBuckets(Collections.singletonList(bucket2)),
+                             groupkey2,
+                             groupId2,
+                             driverId);
+        groupService.addGroup(groupDescription2);
+
+        while (groupService.getGroup(deviceId, groupkey2) == null) {
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(500);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+
+        //Now for L3 Unicast group
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder act3 = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        act3.setEthDst(MacAddress.valueOf(0x2020));
+        act3.setEthSrc(MacAddress.valueOf(0x1010));
+        act3.setVlanId(VlanId.vlanId((short) 200));
+        act3.group(new DefaultGroupId(0x00c80018)); // point to L2 interface
+        // MPLS interface group - does not work for popping single label
+        //Integer secGroupId = MPLSINTERFACEMASK | 38; // 0x90000026
+        Integer groupId3 = L3UNICASTMASK | 1; // 0x20000001
+        GroupBucket bucket3 =
+                DefaultGroupBucket.createIndirectGroupBucket(act3.build());
+        final GroupKey groupkey3 = new DefaultGroupKey(appKryo.serialize(503));
+        GroupDescription groupDescription3 = new DefaultGroupDescription(deviceId,
+                             GroupDescription.Type.INDIRECT,
+                             new GroupBuckets(Collections.singletonList(bucket3)),
+                             groupkey3,
+                             groupId3,
+                             driverId);
+        groupService.addGroup(groupDescription3);
+
+        //Another L3 Unicast group
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder act4 = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        act4.setEthDst(MacAddress.valueOf(0x3030));
+        act4.setEthSrc(MacAddress.valueOf(0x1010));
+        act4.setVlanId(VlanId.vlanId((short) 197));
+        act4.group(new DefaultGroupId(0x00c50028)); // point to L2 interface
+        Integer groupId4 = L3UNICASTMASK | 2; // 0x20000002
+        GroupBucket bucket4 =
+                DefaultGroupBucket.createIndirectGroupBucket(act4.build());
+        final GroupKey groupkey4 = new DefaultGroupKey(appKryo.serialize(504));
+        GroupDescription groupDescription4 = new DefaultGroupDescription(deviceId,
+                             GroupDescription.Type.INDIRECT,
+                             new GroupBuckets(Collections.singletonList(bucket4)),
+                             groupkey4,
+                             groupId4,
+                             driverId);
+        groupService.addGroup(groupDescription4);
+
+        while (groupService.getGroup(deviceId, groupkey4) == null) {
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(500);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // L3 ecmp group
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder act5 = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        act5.group(new DefaultGroupId(0x20000001));
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder act6 = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        act6.group(new DefaultGroupId(0x20000002));
+        GroupBucket buckete1 =
+                DefaultGroupBucket.createSelectGroupBucket(act5.build());
+        GroupBucket buckete2 =
+                DefaultGroupBucket.createSelectGroupBucket(act6.build());
+        List<GroupBucket> bktlist = new ArrayList<GroupBucket>();
+        bktlist.add(buckete1);
+        bktlist.add(buckete2);
+        final GroupKey groupkey5 = new DefaultGroupKey(appKryo.serialize(505));
+        Integer groupId5 = L3ECMPMASK | 5; // 0x70000005
+        GroupDescription groupDescription5 = new DefaultGroupDescription(deviceId,
+                             GroupDescription.Type.SELECT,
+                             new GroupBuckets(bktlist),
+                             groupkey5,
+                             groupId5,
+                             driverId);
+        groupService.addGroup(groupDescription5);
+
+
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+    protected void processMplsTable() {
+        FlowRuleOperations.Builder ops = FlowRuleOperations.builder();
+        TrafficSelector.Builder selector = DefaultTrafficSelector.builder();
+        selector.matchEthType(Ethernet.MPLS_UNICAST);
+        selector.matchMplsLabel(MplsLabel.mplsLabel(0xff)); //255
+        selector.matchMplsBos(true);
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder treatment = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        treatment.decMplsTtl(); // nw_ttl does not work
+        treatment.copyTtlIn();
+        treatment.popMpls(Ethernet.TYPE_IPV4);
+        treatment.deferred().group(new DefaultGroupId(0x20000001)); // point to L3 Unicast
+        //treatment.deferred().group(new DefaultGroupId(0x70000005)); // point to L3 ECMP
+        treatment.transition(ACL_TABLE);
+        FlowRule test = DefaultFlowRule.builder().forDevice(deviceId)
+                .withSelector(selector.build()).withTreatment(treatment.build())
+                .withPriority(DEFAULT_PRIORITY).fromApp(driverId).makePermanent()
+                .forTable(24).build();
+        ops = ops.add(test);
+
+        flowRuleService.apply(ops.build(new FlowRuleOperationsContext() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Initialized mpls table");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Failed to initialize mpls table");
+            }
+        }));
+
+    }
+
+    protected void processPortTable() {
+        FlowRuleOperations.Builder ops = FlowRuleOperations.builder();
+        TrafficSelector.Builder selector = DefaultTrafficSelector.builder();
+        selector.matchInPort(PortNumber.portNumber(0)); // should be maskable?
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder treatment = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        treatment.transition(VLAN_TABLE);
+        FlowRule tmisse = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                .forDevice(deviceId)
+                .withSelector(selector.build())
+                .withTreatment(treatment.build())
+                .withPriority(LOWEST_PRIORITY)
+                .fromApp(driverId)
+                .makePermanent()
+                .forTable(PORT_TABLE).build();
+        ops = ops.add(tmisse);
+
+        flowRuleService.apply(ops.build(new FlowRuleOperationsContext() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Initialized port table");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Failed to initialize port table");
+            }
+        }));
+
+    }
+
+    private void processVlanTable() {
+        // Table miss entry is not required as ofdpa default is to drop
+        // In OF terms, the absence of a t.m.e. also implies drop
+        FlowRuleOperations.Builder ops = FlowRuleOperations.builder();
+        TrafficSelector.Builder selector = DefaultTrafficSelector.builder();
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder treatment = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        selector.matchInPort(PortNumber.portNumber(12));
+        selector.matchVlanId(VlanId.vlanId((short) 100));
+        treatment.transition(TMAC_TABLE);
+        FlowRule rule = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                .forDevice(deviceId)
+                .withSelector(selector.build())
+                .withTreatment(treatment.build())
+                .withPriority(DEFAULT_PRIORITY)
+                .fromApp(driverId)
+                .makePermanent()
+                .forTable(VLAN_TABLE).build();
+        ops =  ops.add(rule);
+        flowRuleService.apply(ops.build(new FlowRuleOperationsContext() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Initialized vlan table");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Failed to initialize vlan table");
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    protected void processTmacTable() {
+        //table miss entry
+        FlowRuleOperations.Builder ops = FlowRuleOperations.builder();
+        TrafficSelector.Builder selector = DefaultTrafficSelector.builder();
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder treatment = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        selector.matchInPort(PortNumber.portNumber(12));
+        selector.matchVlanId(VlanId.vlanId((short) 100));
+        selector.matchEthType(Ethernet.TYPE_IPV4);
+        selector.matchEthDst(MacAddress.valueOf("00:00:00:00:00:02"));
+        treatment.transition(UNICAST_ROUTING_TABLE);
+        FlowRule rule = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                .forDevice(deviceId)
+                .withSelector(selector.build())
+                .withTreatment(treatment.build())
+                .withPriority(DEFAULT_PRIORITY)
+                .fromApp(driverId)
+                .makePermanent()
+                .forTable(TMAC_TABLE).build();
+        ops = ops.add(rule);
+
+        selector.matchEthType(Ethernet.MPLS_UNICAST);
+        treatment.transition(MPLS_TABLE_0);
+        FlowRule rulempls = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                .forDevice(deviceId)
+                .withSelector(selector.build())
+                .withTreatment(treatment.build())
+                .withPriority(DEFAULT_PRIORITY)
+                .fromApp(driverId)
+                .makePermanent()
+                .forTable(TMAC_TABLE).build();
+        ops = ops.add(rulempls);
+
+        flowRuleService.apply(ops.build(new FlowRuleOperationsContext() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Initialized tmac table");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Failed to initialize tmac table");
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    protected void processIpTable() {
+        //table miss entry
+        FlowRuleOperations.Builder ops = FlowRuleOperations.builder();
+        TrafficSelector.Builder selector = DefaultTrafficSelector.builder();
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder treatment = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        selector.matchEthType(Ethernet.TYPE_IPV4);
+        selector.matchIPDst(IpPrefix.valueOf("2.0.0.0/16"));
+        treatment.deferred().group(new DefaultGroupId(0x20000001));
+        treatment.transition(ACL_TABLE);
+        FlowRule rule = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                .forDevice(deviceId)
+                .withSelector(selector.build())
+                .withTreatment(treatment.build())
+                .withPriority(30000)
+                .fromApp(driverId)
+                .makePermanent()
+                .forTable(UNICAST_ROUTING_TABLE).build();
+        ops =  ops.add(rule);
+        flowRuleService.apply(ops.build(new FlowRuleOperationsContext() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Initialized IP table");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Failed to initialize unicast IP table");
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    protected void processAclTable() {
+        //table miss entry
+        FlowRuleOperations.Builder ops = FlowRuleOperations.builder();
+        TrafficSelector.Builder selector = DefaultTrafficSelector.builder();
+        TrafficTreatment.Builder treatment = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder();
+        selector.matchEthDst(MacAddress.valueOf("00:00:00:00:00:02"));
+        treatment.deferred().group(new DefaultGroupId(0x20000001));
+        FlowRule rule = DefaultFlowRule.builder()
+                .forDevice(deviceId)
+                .withSelector(selector.build())
+                .withTreatment(treatment.build())
+                .withPriority(60000)
+                .fromApp(driverId)
+                .makePermanent()
+                .forTable(ACL_TABLE).build();
+        ops =  ops.add(rule);
+        flowRuleService.apply(ops.build(new FlowRuleOperationsContext() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Initialized Acl table");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onError(FlowRuleOperations ops) {
+                log.info("Failed to initialize Acl table");
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    private void sendPackets() {
+        Ethernet eth = new Ethernet();
+        eth.setDestinationMACAddress("00:00:00:00:00:02");
+        eth.setSourceMACAddress("00:00:00:11:22:33");
+        eth.setVlanID((short) 100);
+        eth.setEtherType(Ethernet.MPLS_UNICAST);
+        MPLS mplsPkt = new MPLS();
+        mplsPkt.setLabel(255);
+        mplsPkt.setTtl((byte) 5);
+
+        IPv4 ipv4 = new IPv4();
+
+        ipv4.setDestinationAddress("4.0.5.6");
+        ipv4.setSourceAddress("1.0.2.3");
+        ipv4.setTtl((byte) 64);
+        ipv4.setChecksum((short) 0);
+
+        UDP udp = new UDP();
+        udp.setDestinationPort(666);
+        udp.setSourcePort(333);
+        udp.setPayload(new Data(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 2}));
+        udp.setChecksum((short) 0);
+
+        ipv4.setPayload(udp);
+        mplsPkt.setPayload(ipv4);
+        eth.setPayload(mplsPkt);
+
+        TrafficTreatment treatment = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder()
+                .setOutput(PortNumber.portNumber(24))
+                .build();
+        OutboundPacket packet = new DefaultOutboundPacket(deviceId,
+                                                          treatment,
+                                                          ByteBuffer.wrap(eth.serialize()));
+
+
+        Ethernet eth2 = new Ethernet();
+        eth2.setDestinationMACAddress("00:00:00:00:00:02");
+        eth2.setSourceMACAddress("00:00:00:11:22:33");
+        eth2.setVlanID((short) 100);
+        eth2.setEtherType(Ethernet.TYPE_IPV4);
+
+        IPv4 ipv42 = new IPv4();
+        ipv42.setDestinationAddress("2.0.0.2");
+        ipv42.setSourceAddress("1.0.9.9");
+        ipv42.setTtl((byte) 64);
+        ipv42.setChecksum((short) 0);
+
+        UDP udp2 = new UDP();
+        udp2.setDestinationPort(999);
+        udp2.setSourcePort(333);
+        udp2.setPayload(new Data(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 2}));
+        udp2.setChecksum((short) 0);
+
+        ipv42.setPayload(udp2);
+        eth2.setPayload(ipv42);
+
+        TrafficTreatment treatment2 = DefaultTrafficTreatment.builder()
+                .setOutput(PortNumber.portNumber(26))
+                .build();
+        OutboundPacket packet2 = new DefaultOutboundPacket(deviceId,
+                                                          treatment2,
+                                                          ByteBuffer.wrap(eth2.serialize()));
+
+
+        log.info("Emitting packets now");
+        packetService.emit(packet);
+        packetService.emit(packet);
+        packetService.emit(packet2);
+        packetService.emit(packet);
+        packetService.emit(packet);
+        log.info("Done emitting packets");
+    }
+
+    private class InternalPacketProcessor implements PacketProcessor {
+
+        @Override
+        public void process(PacketContext context) {
+
+
+        }
+    }
+
+}