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-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
-<html><head><title>Apache Felix - Launching and Embedding Apache Felix</title>
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-    <div class="main">
-<h1><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix"></a>Launching and Embedding Apache Felix</h1>
-
-<ul>
-	<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-introduction" title="introduction on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Introduction</a></li>
-	<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-overview" title="overview on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">API Overview</a></li>
-	<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-launching" title="launching on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Launching Felix</a>
-	<ul>
-		<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-standardlauncher" title="standard-launcher on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Standard Felix Launcher</a></li>
-		<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-customlauncher" title="custom-launcher on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Custom Felix Launcher</a></li>
-	</ul>
-	</li>
-	<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-embedding" title="embedding on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Embedding Felix</a>
-	<ul>
-		<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-configproperty" title="config-property on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Embedded Execution Configuration Property</a></li>
-		<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-hostinteraction" title="host-interaction on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Host/Felix Interaction</a></li>
-		<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-hostservices" title="host-services on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Providing Host Application Services</a></li>
-		<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-hostserviceusage" title="host-service-usage on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Using Services Provided by Bundles</a>
-		<ul>
-			<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-servicereflection" title="service-reflection on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Using Bundle Services via Reflection</a></li>
-		</ul>
-		</li>
-	</ul>
-	</li>
-	<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-caveat" title="caveat on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Caveat</a></li>
-	<li><a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-feedback" title="feedback on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">Feedback</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-introduction"></a></p>
-
-<h1><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-Introduction"></a>Introduction</h1>
-
-<p>The Apache Felix OSGi framework is intended to be easily launchable
-and embeddable. For example, Felix avoids the use of system properties
-for configuration, since these are globals that can cause interference
-if multiple framework instances are created in the same VM. Felix is
-also implemented to multiplex singleton facilities, like the URL stream
-handler factory. The goal is to make it possible to use Felix in as
-many scenarios as possible; however, this is still just a goal. In
-other words, this is a work in progress and if any issues arise, it
-would be greatly appreciated if they are brought to the attention of
-the Felix community. The next section provides a Felix API overview,
-while the remainder of the document is divided into two sections, one
-focusing on how to launch Felix and one focusing on how to embed Felix
-into a host application.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-overview"></a></p>
-
-<h1><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-APIOverview"></a>API Overview</h1>
-
-<p>The Felix class that implements the OSGi framework is <tt>org.apache.felix.framework.Felix</tt> or just <tt>Felix</tt> for short. The OSGi specification defines a special bundle, called the <em><b>System Bundle</b></em>,
-that represents the framework at run time and appears like any other
-bundle in the list of installed bundles. To make this notion even more
-intuitive, the <tt>Felix</tt> class implements the <tt>org.osgi.framework.Bundle</tt> interface, which is reiterated here:</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-keyword">interface</span> Bundle
-{
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> BundleContext getBundleContext();
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">long</span> getBundleId();
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> URL getEntry(<span class="code-object">String</span> name);
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> Enumeration getEntryPaths(<span class="code-object">String</span> path);
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> Enumeration findEntries(<span class="code-object">String</span> path, <span class="code-object">String</span> filePattern, <span class="code-object">boolean</span> recurse);
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> Dictionary getHeaders();
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> Dictionary getHeaders(<span class="code-object">String</span> locale);
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">long</span> getLastModified();
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">String</span> getLocation();
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> URL getResource(<span class="code-object">String</span> name);
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> Enumeration getResources(<span class="code-object">String</span> name) <span class="code-keyword">throws</span> IOException;
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> ServiceReference[] getRegisteredServices();
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> ServiceReference[] getServicesInUse();
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">int</span> getState();
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">String</span> getSymbolicName();
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">boolean</span> hasPermission(<span class="code-object">Object</span> obj);
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">Class</span> loadClass(<span class="code-object">String</span> name) <span class="code-keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException;
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void start() <span class="code-keyword">throws</span> BundleException;
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void stop() <span class="code-keyword">throws</span> BundleException;
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void uninstall() <span class="code-keyword">throws</span> BundleException;
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void update() <span class="code-keyword">throws</span> BundleException;
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void update(InputStream is) <span class="code-keyword">throws</span> BundleException;
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>When you instantiate the <tt>Felix</tt> class, the resulting object is actually the System Bundle and can be cast to the <tt>Bundle</tt> interface. The <tt>start()</tt> method is used to start the framework instance, while the <tt>stop()</tt> method is used to asynchronously stop the framework instance. The <tt>Felix</tt> class also includes the following two additional public methods:</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">public</span> class Felix <span class="code-keyword">extends</span> AbstractBundle
-{
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> Felix(Map configMutableMap, List activatorList);
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void stopAndWait();
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>The first method is the constructor used to instantiate framework
-instances; the constructor accepts configuration properties and System
-Bundle activators, which are both described in more detail later. The <tt>stopAndWait()</tt> method is a synchronous version of the <tt>stop()</tt> method, used to stop the framework and block the calling thread until the framework is completely stopped.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-launching"></a></p>
-
-<h1><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-LaunchingFelix"></a>Launching Felix</h1>
-
-<p>Launching Felix is fairly simple and involves only three steps:</p>
-
-<ol>
-	<li>Defining some configuration properties.</li>
-	<li>Creating an instance of <tt>org.apache.felix.framework.Felix</tt> with the configuration properties.</li>
-	<li>Invoking the <tt>org.apache.felix.framework.Felix.start()</tt> method.</li>
-</ol>
-
-
-<p>The only configuration properties that are actually required to
-start Felix are ones that tell it where/how to locate the bundle cache
-profile directory where installed bundles will be cached. Felix' bundle
-cache implementation allows you to configure the location where bundles
-are cached using configuration properties. At a minimum, either a
-bundle cache profile name or directory must be specified; see the <a href="http://felix.apache.org/site/apache-felix-bundle-cache.html" title="Apache Felix Bundle Cache">bundle cache document</a> for more detailed information on configuring the bundle cache.</p>
-
-<p>Besides configuration properties for the bundle cache, it is usually necessary to set the <tt>org.osgi.framework.system.packages</tt> configuration property to export packages from the class path, such as the OSGi interface classes (e.g., <tt>org.osgi.framework</tt>) on which all bundles depend. If you are creating a launcher for Felix, then the <tt>felix.auto.start</tt> configuration property may also be used to automatically install and start various bundles; see the <a href="http://felix.apache.org/site/apache-felix-usage-documentation.html#ApacheFelixUsageDocumentation-configuringfelix" title="configuring-felix on Apache Felix Usage Documentation">usage document</a> for more information on configuring Felix and on the various configuration properties.</p>
-
-<p>The remainder of this section describes how the standard Felix
-launcher works as well as how to create a custom launcher for Felix.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-standardlauncher"></a></p>
-
-<h2><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-StandardFelixLauncher"></a>Standard Felix Launcher</h2>
-
-<p>The standard Felix launcher is very simple and is not intended to
-solve every possible requirement; it is intended to work for most
-standard situations. Most special launching requirements should be
-resolved by creating a custom launcher. This section describes how the
-standard launcher works. The following code represents the complete <tt>main()</tt> method of the standard launcher, each numbered comment will be described in more detail below:</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-keyword">static</span> void main(<span class="code-object">String</span>[] argv) <span class="code-keyword">throws</span> Exception
-{
-    <span class="code-comment">// (1) Load system properties.
-</span>    Main.loadSystemProperties();
-
-    <span class="code-comment">// (2) Read configuration properties.
-</span>    Properties configProps = Main.loadConfigProperties();
-
-    <span class="code-comment">// (3) Copy framework properties from the system properties.
-</span>    Main.copySystemProperties(configProps);
-
-    <span class="code-comment">// (4) See <span class="code-keyword">if</span> the profile name property was specified.
-</span>    <span class="code-object">String</span> profileName = configProps.getProperty(BundleCache.CACHE_PROFILE_PROP);
-
-    <span class="code-comment">// (4) See <span class="code-keyword">if</span> the profile directory property was specified.
-</span>    <span class="code-object">String</span> profileDirName = configProps.getProperty(BundleCache.CACHE_PROFILE_DIR_PROP);
-
-    <span class="code-comment">// Print welcome banner.
-</span>    <span class="code-object">System</span>.out.println(<span class="code-quote">"\nWelcome to Felix."</span>);
-    <span class="code-object">System</span>.out.println(<span class="code-quote">"=================\n"</span>);
-
-    <span class="code-comment">// (5) If no profile or profile directory is specified in the
-</span>    <span class="code-comment">// properties, then ask <span class="code-keyword">for</span> a profile name.
-</span>    <span class="code-keyword">if</span> ((profileName == <span class="code-keyword">null</span>) &amp;&amp; (profileDirName == <span class="code-keyword">null</span>))
-    {
-        <span class="code-object">System</span>.out.print(<span class="code-quote">"Enter profile name: "</span>);
-        BufferedReader in = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> BufferedReader(<span class="code-keyword">new</span> InputStreamReader(<span class="code-object">System</span>.in));
-        <span class="code-keyword">try</span>
-        {
-            profileName = in.readLine();
-        }
-        <span class="code-keyword">catch</span> (IOException ex)
-        {
-            <span class="code-object">System</span>.err.println(<span class="code-quote">"Could not read input."</span>);
-            <span class="code-object">System</span>.exit(-1);
-        }
-        <span class="code-object">System</span>.out.println("");
-        <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (profileName.length() != 0)
-        {
-            configProps.setProperty(BundleCache.CACHE_PROFILE_PROP, profileName);
-        }
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-comment">// (6) A profile directory or name must be specified.
-</span>    <span class="code-keyword">if</span> ((profileDirName == <span class="code-keyword">null</span>) &amp;&amp; (profileName.length() == 0))
-    {
-        <span class="code-object">System</span>.err.println(<span class="code-quote">"You must specify a profile name or directory."</span>);
-        <span class="code-object">System</span>.exit(-1);
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">try</span>
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// (7) Now create an instance of the framework.
-</span>        m_felix = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> Felix(<span class="code-keyword">new</span> StringMap(configProps, <span class="code-keyword">false</span>), <span class="code-keyword">null</span>);
-        m_felix.start();
-    }
-    <span class="code-keyword">catch</span> (Exception ex)
-    {
-        <span class="code-object">System</span>.err.println(<span class="code-quote">"Could not create framework: "</span> + ex);
-        ex.printStackTrace();
-        <span class="code-object">System</span>.exit(-1);
-    }
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>The general steps of the standard launcher are quite straightforward:</p>
-
-<ol>
-	<li>Load any system properties specified in the <tt>system.properties</tt> file; this file is typically located in the <tt>conf/</tt> directory of the Felix installation directory, but it can be specified directly using the <tt>felix.system.properties</tt>
-system property. This file is not needed to launch Felix and is
-provided merely for convenience when system properties must be
-specified. The file is a standard Java properties file, but it also
-supports property substitution using <tt>${&lt;property-name</tt>} syntax. Property substitution can be nested; only system properties will be used for substitution.</li>
-	<li>Load any configuration properties specified in the <tt>config.properties</tt> file; this file is typically located in the <tt>conf/</tt> directory of the Felix installation directory, but it can be specified directly using the <tt>felix.config.properties</tt>
-system property. This file is used to configure the Felix instance
-created by the launcher. The file is a standard Java properties file,
-but it also supports property substitution using "<tt>${&lt;property-name</tt>}"
-syntax. Property substitution can be nested; configuration and system
-properties will be used for substitution with configuration properties
-having precedence.</li>
-	<li>For convenience, any configuration
-properties that are set as system properties will be copied into the
-set of configuration properties to provide an easy way to add to or
-override configuration properties specified in the <tt>config.properties</tt> file.</li>
-	<li>Try to load the profile name or profile directory configuration properties. At least one of these must be specified so that the <a href="http://felix.apache.org/site/apache-felix-bundle-cache.html" title="Apache Felix Bundle Cache">bundle cache</a> knows where to save installed bundles.</li>
-	<li>If
-either the profile name or profile directory configuration property has
-not been specified, then ask the user to specify a profile name and add
-it to the current set of configuration properties.</li>
-	<li>Error if there is no profile name or profile directory.</li>
-	<li>Create the Felix instance passing in the configuration properties and then call <tt>start()</tt>.</li>
-</ol>
-
-
-<p>The framework is not active until the <tt>start()</tt> method is called. If no shell bundles are specified in the <tt>config.properties</tt>
-file or if there is difficulty locating the shell bundles that are
-specified, then it will appear as if the framework is hung, but it is
-actually running without any way to interact with it since the shell
-bundles provide the only means of interaction.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-customlauncher"></a></p>
-
-<h2><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-CustomFelixLauncher"></a>Custom Felix Launcher</h2>
-
-<p>This section creates a bare-bones launcher to demonstrate the
-minimum requirements for creating an interactive launcher for the Felix
-framework. This example uses the standard Felix shell bundles for
-interactivity, but any other bundles could be used instead. For
-example, the shell service and telnet bundles could be used to launch
-Felix and make it remotely accessible.</p>
-
-<p>This example launcher project has the following directory structure:</p>
-
-<div class="preformatted"><div class="preformattedContent">
-<pre>launcher/
-   lib/
-      org.apache.felix.framework-1.0.0.jar
-   bundle/
-      org.apache.felix.shell-1.0.0.jar
-      org.apache.felix.shell.tui-1.0.0.jar
-   src/
-      example/
-         Main.java
-</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>The <tt>lib/</tt> directory contains the framework JAR file, which also contains the OSGi core interfaces. The <tt>bundle/</tt>
-directory contains the shell service and textual shell interface
-bundles that will be used for interacting with the framework instance.
-Note: If you do not launch Felix with interactive bundles, it will
-appear as if the framework instance is hung, but it is actually just
-sitting there waiting for someone to tell it to do something. The <tt>src/example/</tt> directory contains the following <tt>Main.java</tt> file, which is a very simplistic Felix launcher.</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">package</span> example;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.Map;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.osgi.framework.Constants;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.Felix;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.cache.BundleCache;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.util.StringMap;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.util.FelixConstants;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">public</span> class Main
-{
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> <span class="code-keyword">static</span> Felix m_felix = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-keyword">static</span> void main(<span class="code-object">String</span>[] argv) <span class="code-keyword">throws</span> Exception
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// Print welcome banner.
-</span>        <span class="code-object">System</span>.out.println(<span class="code-quote">"\nWelcome to Felix."</span>);
-        <span class="code-object">System</span>.out.println(<span class="code-quote">"=================\n"</span>);
-
-        Map configMap = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> StringMap(<span class="code-keyword">false</span>);
-        configMap.put(Constants.FRAMEWORK_SYSTEMPACKAGES,
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.framework; version=1.3.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.packageadmin; version=1.2.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.startlevel; version=1.0.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.url; version=1.0.0"</span>);
-        configMap.put(FelixConstants.AUTO_START_PROP + <span class="code-quote">".1"</span>,
-            <span class="code-quote">"file:bundle/org.apache.felix.shell-1.0.0.jar "</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"file:bundle/org.apache.felix.shell.tui-1.0.0.jar"</span>);
-        configMap.put(BundleCache.CACHE_PROFILE_DIR_PROP, <span class="code-quote">"cache"</span>);
-
-        <span class="code-keyword">try</span>
-        {
-            <span class="code-comment">// Now create an instance of the framework.
-</span>            m_felix = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> Felix(configMap, <span class="code-keyword">null</span>);
-            m_felix.start();
-        }
-        <span class="code-keyword">catch</span> (Exception ex)
-        {
-            <span class="code-object">System</span>.err.println(<span class="code-quote">"Could not create framework: "</span> + ex);
-            ex.printStackTrace();
-            <span class="code-object">System</span>.exit(-1);
-        }
-    }
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>This launcher has all information hard coded in it, unlike the
-default Felix launcher, which loads configuration properties from files
-and performs variable substitution. This simple launcher provides a
-good starting point if the features of the default launcher are not
-necessary. For example, if you want to create a launcher that
-automatically deletes the bundle cache directory each time it starts,
-then it is quite easy to figure out how to do that with this simple
-launcher.</p>
-
-<p>By breaking down the above source code into small chunks, it is quite easy to see what is going on.</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java">Map configMap = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> StringMap(<span class="code-keyword">false</span>);</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>This simply creates a map to hold configuration properties where the keys are strings and lookups are case insensitive.</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java">configMap.put(Constants.FRAMEWORK_SYSTEMPACKAGES,
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.framework; version=1.3.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.packageadmin; version=1.2.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.startlevel; version=1.0.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.url; version=1.0.0"</span>);</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>This sets the <tt>Constants.FRAMEWORK_SYSTEMPACKAGES</tt> configuration property (string value "<tt>org.osgi.framework.system.packages</tt>"),
-which specifies the class path packages the system bundle should
-export; this is how classes on the class path are made available to
-bundles. This example only exports the core OSGi API packages, but
-other JRE packages could also be added, such as <tt>javax.swing</tt>.
-For example, the default Felix launcher defines properties for all
-packages in various JRE versions (e.g., 1.3.x, 1.4.x, 1.5.x) and
-appends them to this property using property substitution.</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java">configMap.put(FelixConstants.AUTO_START_PROP + <span class="code-quote">".1"</span>,
-            <span class="code-quote">"file:bundle/org.apache.felix.shell-1.0.0.jar "</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"file:bundle/org.apache.felix.shell.tui-1.0.0.jar"</span>);</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>This sets the <tt>FelixConstants.AUTO_START_PROP</tt> configuration property (string value "<tt>felix.auto.start</tt>"),
-which is a space-delimited list of bundle URLs that the framework will
-automatically install and start when the framework starts. However,
-this property key cannot be used as is; it must be appended with a "."
-and then a number, where the number represents the start level for the
-bundle when it is installed. In this particular example, ".1" is
-appended to the property name, thus the two bundles will be installed
-into start level one. This example uses relative <tt>file:</tt> URLs, which will load the bundles from the <tt>bundle/</tt>
-directory assuming that the launcher is started from the root directory
-of the launcher project. It is also possible to specify absolute URLs
-or remote URLs.</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java">configMap.put(BundleCache.CACHE_PROFILE_DIR_PROP, <span class="code-quote">"cache"</span>);</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>This sets the last configuration property, <tt>BundleCache.CACHE_PROFILE_DIR_PROP</tt> (string value "<tt>felix.cache.profiledir</tt>"),
-which is a string that specifies the precise directory to be used as
-the bundle cache profile directory; the Felix bundle cache supports
-other properties to configure its behavior, but those are not covered
-here. In this example, the bundle cache profile directory is specified
-as a relative directory called "<tt>cache</tt>". Assuming that the
-launcher is executed from the root directory of the launcher project,
-then the bundle cache profile directory will be created in the root
-directory of the project.</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java">m_felix = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> Felix(configMap, <span class="code-keyword">null</span>);
-            m_felix.start();</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>The last steps create the framework instance and start it. The configuration property map is passed into the <tt>Felix</tt> constructor.</p>
-
-<p>The following command compiles the launcher when run from the root directory of the launcher project:</p>
-
-<div class="preformatted"><div class="preformattedContent">
-<pre>javac -d . -classpath lib/org.apache.felix.framework-1.0.0.jar src/example/Main.java
-</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>After executing this command, an <tt>example/</tt> directory is
-created in the current directory, which contains the generated class
-file. The following command executes the simple launcher when run from
-the root directory of the launcher project:</p>
-
-<div class="preformatted"><div class="preformattedContent">
-<pre>java -cp .:lib/org.apache.felix.framework-1.0.0.jar example.Main
-</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>After executing this command, a <tt>cache/</tt> directory is created that contains the installed bundles, which were installed from the <tt>bundle/</tt> directory.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-embedding"></a></p>
-
-<h1><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-EmbeddingFelix"></a>Embedding Felix</h1>
-
-<p>Embedding Felix into a host application is a simple way to provide a
-sophisticated extensibility mechanism (i.e., plugin system) to the host
-application. Embedding Felix is very similar to launching Felix as
-described above, the main difference is that the host application
-typically wants to interact with the framework instance and/or
-installed bundles/services from the outside. This is fairly easy to
-achieve with Felix, but there are some subtle issues to understand.
-This section presents the mechanisms for embedding Felix into a host
-application and the issues in doing so.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-configproperty"></a></p>
-
-<h2><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-EmbeddedExecutionConfigurationProperty"></a>Embedded Execution Configuration Property</h2>
-
-<p>When a Felix instance is embedded in a host application, the host
-application must inform the Felix instance that it is embedded. To do
-this, the host application sets the "<tt>felix.embedded.execution</tt>" configuration property to "<tt>true</tt>";
-this can be accomplished in the same way that all configuration
-properties are set, i.e., passing it into the Felix constructor via a
-map. This property specifically controls whether or not the Felix
-instance will shutdown the JVM (i.e., call <tt>System.exit()</tt> when
-the framework is shutdown. When embedding Felix it is generally not
-desirable for Felix to shutdown the JVM; therefore, by setting this
-property to "<tt>true</tt>" it can be avoided.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-hostinteraction"></a></p>
-
-<h2><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-Host/FelixInteraction"></a>Host/Felix Interaction</h2>
-
-<p>In the section on <a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-launching" title="launching on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">launching</a> Felix above, the <tt>Felix</tt>
-constructor accepts two arguments, the first being the configuration
-properties for the framework, the second being a list of bundle
-activator instances. These bundle activator instances provide a
-convenient way for host applications to interact with the Felix
-framework.</p>
-
-<p>Each bundle activator instance passed into the constructor
-effectively becomes part of the System Bundle. This means that the
-start()/stop() method of each bundle activator instance in the passed
-in list gets invoked when the System Bundle's activator start()/stop()
-method gets invoked. Consequently, each bundle activator instance will
-be given the system bundle's <tt>BundleContext</tt> object so that they can interact with the framework externally. While it is possible to get the System Bundle's <tt>BundleContext</tt> object directly by calling <tt>Felix.getBundleContext()</tt>,
-this is generally not as convenient since it requires that you monitor
-when the System Bundle starts and/or stops. Consider following snippet
-of a bundle activator:</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">public</span> class HostActivator <span class="code-keyword">implements</span> BundleActivator
-{
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> BundleContext m_context = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void start(BundleContext context)
-    {
-        m_context = context;
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void stop(BundleContext context)
-    {
-        m_context = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> Bundle[] getBundles()
-    {
-        <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (m_context != <span class="code-keyword">null</span>)
-        {
-            <span class="code-keyword">return</span> m_context.getBundles();
-        }
-        <span class="code-keyword">return</span> <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-    }
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>Given the above bundle activator, it is now possible to embed Felix
-into a host application and interact with it as the following snippet
-illustrates:</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">public</span> class HostApplication
-{
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> HostActivator m_activator = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> Felix m_felix = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> HostApplication()
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// Create a <span class="code-keyword">case</span>-insensitive configuration property map.
-</span>        Map configMap = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> StringMap(<span class="code-keyword">false</span>);
-        <span class="code-comment">// Configure the Felix instance to be embedded.
-</span>        configMap.put(FelixConstants.EMBEDDED_EXECUTION_PROP, <span class="code-quote">"<span class="code-keyword">true</span>"</span>);
-        <span class="code-comment">// Add core OSGi packages to be exported from the class path
-</span>        <span class="code-comment">// via the system bundle.
-</span>        configMap.put(Constants.FRAMEWORK_SYSTEMPACKAGES,
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.framework; version=1.3.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.packageadmin; version=1.2.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.startlevel; version=1.0.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.url; version=1.0.0"</span>);
-        <span class="code-comment">// Explicitly specify the directory to use <span class="code-keyword">for</span> caching bundles.
-</span>        configMap.put(BundleCache.CACHE_PROFILE_DIR_PROP, <span class="code-quote">"cache"</span>);
-
-        <span class="code-keyword">try</span>
-        {
-            <span class="code-comment">// Create host activator;
-</span>            m_activator = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> HostActivator();
-            List list = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> ArrayList();
-            list.add(m_activator);
-
-            <span class="code-comment">// Now create an instance of the framework with
-</span>            <span class="code-comment">// our configuration properties and activator.
-</span>            m_felix = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> Felix(configMap, list);
-
-            <span class="code-comment">// Now start Felix instance.
-</span>            m_felix.start();
-        }
-        <span class="code-keyword">catch</span> (Exception ex)
-        {
-            <span class="code-object">System</span>.err.println(<span class="code-quote">"Could not create framework: "</span> + ex);
-            ex.printStackTrace();
-        }
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> Bundle[] getInstalledBundles()
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// Use the system bundle activator to gain external
-</span>        <span class="code-comment">// access to the set of installed bundles.
-</span>        <span class="code-keyword">return</span> m_activator.getBundles();
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void shutdownApplication()
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// Shut down the felix framework when stopping the
-</span>        <span class="code-comment">// host application.
-</span>        m_felix.shutdown();
-    }
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>Notice how the <tt>HostApplication.getInstalledBundles()</tt> method
-uses its activator instance to get access to the System Bundle's
-context in order to interact with the embedded Felix framework
-instance. This approach provides the foundation for all interaction
-between the host application and the embedded framework instance.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-hostservices"></a></p>
-
-<h2><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-ProvidingHostApplicationServices"></a>Providing Host Application Services</h2>
-
-<p>Providing services from the host application to bundles inside the
-embedded Felix framework instance follows the basic approach laid out
-in <a href="#LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-hostinteraction" title="host-interaction on Launching and Embedding Apache Felix">above</a>.
-The main complication for providing a host application service to
-bundles is the fact that both the host application and the bundles must
-be using the same class definitions for the service interface classes.
-Since the host application cannot import classes from a bundle, this
-means that the service interface classes <b>must</b> be accessible on
-the class path, typically as part of the host application itself. The
-host application then must export the service interface package via the
-system bundle so that bundles installed into the embedded framework
-instance can import it. This is achieved using the <tt>org.osgi.framework.system.packages</tt> configuration property previously presented.</p>
-
-<p>Consider the follow simple property lookup service:</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">package</span> host.service.lookup;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">public</span> class Lookup
-{
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">Object</span> lookup(<span class="code-object">String</span> name);
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>This package is simply part of the host application, which is potentially packaged into a JAR file and started with the "<tt>java -jar</tt>"
-command. Now consider the following host application bundle activator,
-which will be used to register/unregister the property lookup service
-when the embedded framework instance starts/stops:</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">package</span> host.core;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.Map;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.osgi.framework.BundleActivator;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.osgi.framework.BundleContext;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.osgi.framework.ServiceRegistration;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> host.service.lookup;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">public</span> class HostActivator <span class="code-keyword">implements</span> BundleActivator
-{
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> Map m_lookupMap = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> BundleContext m_context = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> ServiceRegistration m_registration = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> HostActivator(Map lookupMap)
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// Save a reference to the service's backing store.
-</span>        m_lookupMap = lookupMap;
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void start(BundleContext context)
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// Save a reference to the bundle context.
-</span>        m_context = context;
-        <span class="code-comment">// Create a property lookup service implementation.
-</span>        Lookup lookup = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> Lookup() {
-            <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">Object</span> lookup(<span class="code-object">String</span> name)
-            {
-                <span class="code-keyword">return</span> m_lookupMap.get(name);
-            }
-        };
-        <span class="code-comment">// Register the property lookup service and save
-</span>        <span class="code-comment">// the service registration.
-</span>        m_registration = m_context.registerService(
-            Lookup.class.getName(), lookup, <span class="code-keyword">null</span>);
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void stop(BundleContext context)
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// Unregister the property lookup service.
-</span>        m_registration.unregister();
-        m_context = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-    }
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>Given the above host application bundle activator, the following
-code snippet shows how the host application could create an embedded
-version of the Felix framework and provide the property lookup service
-to installed bundles:</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">package</span> host.core;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.List;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.ArrayList;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.Map;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.HashMap;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> host.service.lookup.Lookup;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.Felix;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.util.FelixConstants;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.util.StringMap;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.cache.BundleCache;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">public</span> class HostApplication
-{
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> HostActivator m_activator = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> Felix m_felix = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> Map m_lookupMap = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> HashMap();
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> HostApplication()
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// Initialize the map <span class="code-keyword">for</span> the property lookup service.
-</span>        m_lookupMap.put(<span class="code-quote">"name1"</span>, <span class="code-quote">"value1"</span>);
-        m_lookupMap.put(<span class="code-quote">"name2"</span>, <span class="code-quote">"value2"</span>);
-        m_lookupMap.put(<span class="code-quote">"name3"</span>, <span class="code-quote">"value3"</span>);
-        m_lookupMap.put(<span class="code-quote">"name4"</span>, <span class="code-quote">"value4"</span>);
-
-        <span class="code-comment">// Create a <span class="code-keyword">case</span>-insensitive configuration property map.
-</span>        Map configMap = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> StringMap(<span class="code-keyword">false</span>);
-        <span class="code-comment">// Configure the Felix instance to be embedded.
-</span>        configMap.put(FelixConstants.EMBEDDED_EXECUTION_PROP, <span class="code-quote">"<span class="code-keyword">true</span>"</span>);
-        <span class="code-comment">// Add the host provided service <span class="code-keyword">interface</span> <span class="code-keyword">package</span> and the core OSGi
-</span>        <span class="code-comment">// packages to be exported from the class path via the system bundle.
-</span>        configMap.put(Constants.FRAMEWORK_SYSTEMPACKAGES,
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.framework; version=1.3.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.packageadmin; version=1.2.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.startlevel; version=1.0.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.url; version=1.0.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"host.service.lookup; version=1.0.0"</span>);
-        <span class="code-comment">// Explicitly specify the directory to use <span class="code-keyword">for</span> caching bundles.
-</span>        configMap.put(BundleCache.CACHE_PROFILE_DIR_PROP, <span class="code-quote">"cache"</span>);
-
-        <span class="code-keyword">try</span>
-        {
-            <span class="code-comment">// Create host activator;
-</span>            m_activator = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> HostActivator(m_lookupMap);
-            List list = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> ArrayList();
-            list.add(m_activator);
-
-            <span class="code-comment">// Now create an instance of the framework with
-</span>            <span class="code-comment">// our configuration properties and activator.
-</span>            m_felix = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> Felix(configMap, list);
-
-            <span class="code-comment">// Now start Felix instance.
-</span>            m_felix.start();
-        }
-        <span class="code-keyword">catch</span> (Exception ex)
-        {
-            <span class="code-object">System</span>.err.println(<span class="code-quote">"Could not create framework: "</span> + ex);
-            ex.printStackTrace();
-        }
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void shutdownApplication()
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// Shut down the felix framework when stopping the
-</span>        <span class="code-comment">// host application.
-</span>        m_felix.shutdown();
-    }
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>Rather than having the host application bundle activator register
-the service, it is also possible for the the host application to simply
-get the bundle context from the bundle activator and register the
-service directly, but the presented approach is perhaps a little
-cleaner since it allows the host application to register/unregister the
-service when the system bundle starts/stops.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-hostserviceusage"></a></p>
-
-<h2><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-UsingServicesProvidedbyBundles"></a>Using Services Provided by Bundles</h2>
-
-<p>Using services provided by bundles follows the same general approach
-of using a host application bundle activator. The main complication for
-the host application using a service from a bundle is the fact that
-both the host application and the bundle must be using the same class
-definitions for the service interface classes. Since the host
-application cannot import classes from a bundle, this means that the
-service interface classes <b>must</b> be accessible on the class path,
-typically as part of the host application itself. The host application
-then must export the service interface package via the system bundle so
-that bundles installed into the embedded framework instance can import
-it. This is achieved using the <tt>org.osgi.framework.system.packages</tt> configuration property previously presented.</p>
-
-<p>Consider the following simple command service interface for which
-bundles provide implementations, such as might be used to create an
-extensible interactive shell:</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">package</span> host.service.command;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">public</span> class Command
-{
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">String</span> getName();
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">String</span> getDescription();
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">boolean</span> execute(<span class="code-object">String</span> commandline);
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>This package is simply part of the host application, which is potentially packaged into a JAR file and started with the "<tt>java -jar</tt>"
-command. Now consider the previously introduced host application bundle
-activator below, which simply provides access to the system bundle
-context:</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">package</span> host.core;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.osgi.framework.BundleActivator;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.osgi.framework.BundleContext;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">public</span> class HostActivator <span class="code-keyword">implements</span> BundleActivator
-{
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> BundleContext m_context = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void start(BundleContext context)
-    {
-        m_context = context;
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void stop(BundleContext context)
-    {
-        m_context = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> BundleContext getContext()
-    {
-        <span class="code-keyword">return</span> m_context;
-    }
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>With this bundle activator, the host application can command
-services provided by bundles installed inside its embedded Felix
-framework instance. The following code snippet illustrates one possible
-approach:</p>
-
-<div class="code"><div class="codeContent">
-<pre class="code-java"><span class="code-keyword">package</span> host.core;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.List;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.ArrayList;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> java.util.Map;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> host.service.command.Command;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.Felix;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.util.FelixConstants;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.util.StringMap;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.apache.felix.framework.cache.BundleCache;
-<span class="code-keyword">import</span> org.osgi.util.tracker.ServiceTracker;
-
-<span class="code-keyword">public</span> class HostApplication
-{
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> HostActivator m_activator = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> Felix m_felix = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-    <span class="code-keyword">private</span> ServiceTracker m_tracker = <span class="code-keyword">null</span>;
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> HostApplication()
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// Create a <span class="code-keyword">case</span>-insensitive configuration property map.
-</span>        Map configMap = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> StringMap(<span class="code-keyword">false</span>);
-        <span class="code-comment">// Configure the Felix instance to be embedded.
-</span>        configMap.put(FelixConstants.EMBEDDED_EXECUTION_PROP, <span class="code-quote">"<span class="code-keyword">true</span>"</span>);
-        <span class="code-comment">// Add the bundle provided service <span class="code-keyword">interface</span> <span class="code-keyword">package</span> and the core OSGi
-</span>        <span class="code-comment">// packages to be exported from the class path via the system bundle.
-</span>        configMap.put(Constants.FRAMEWORK_SYSTEMPACKAGES,
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.framework; version=1.3.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.packageadmin; version=1.2.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.startlevel; version=1.0.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"org.osgi.service.url; version=1.0.0,"</span> +
-            <span class="code-quote">"host.service.command; version=1.0.0"</span>);
-        <span class="code-comment">// Explicitly specify the directory to use <span class="code-keyword">for</span> caching bundles.
-</span>        configMap.put(BundleCache.CACHE_PROFILE_DIR_PROP, <span class="code-quote">"cache"</span>);
-
-        <span class="code-keyword">try</span>
-        {
-            <span class="code-comment">// Create host activator;
-</span>            m_activator = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> HostActivator(m_lookupMap);
-            List list = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> ArrayList();
-            list.add(m_activator);
-
-            <span class="code-comment">// Now create an instance of the framework with
-</span>            <span class="code-comment">// our configuration properties and activator.
-</span>            m_felix = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> Felix(configMap, list);
-
-            <span class="code-comment">// Now start Felix instance.
-</span>            m_felix.start();
-        }
-        <span class="code-keyword">catch</span> (Exception ex)
-        {
-            <span class="code-object">System</span>.err.println(<span class="code-quote">"Could not create framework: "</span> + ex);
-            ex.printStackTrace();
-        }
-
-        m_tracker = <span class="code-keyword">new</span> ServiceTracker(
-            m_activator.getContext(), Command.class.getName(), <span class="code-keyword">null</span>);
-        m_tracker.open();
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> <span class="code-object">boolean</span> execute(<span class="code-object">String</span> name, <span class="code-object">String</span> commandline)
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// See <span class="code-keyword">if</span> any of the currently tracked command services
-</span>        <span class="code-comment">// match the specified command name, <span class="code-keyword">if</span> so then execute it.
-</span>        <span class="code-object">Object</span>[] services = m_tracker.getServices();
-        <span class="code-keyword">for</span> (<span class="code-object">int</span> i = 0; (services != <span class="code-keyword">null</span>) &amp;&amp; (i &lt; services.length); i++)
-        {
-            <span class="code-keyword">try</span>
-            {
-                <span class="code-keyword">if</span> (((Command) services[i]).getName().equals(name))
-                {
-                    <span class="code-keyword">return</span> ((Command) services[i]).execute(commandline);
-                }
-            }
-            <span class="code-keyword">catch</span> (Exception ex)
-            {
-                <span class="code-comment">// Since the services returned by the tracker could become
-</span>                <span class="code-comment">// invalid at any moment, we will <span class="code-keyword">catch</span> all exceptions, log
-</span>                <span class="code-comment">// a message, and then ignore faulty services.
-</span>                <span class="code-object">System</span>.err.println(ex);
-            }
-        }
-        <span class="code-keyword">return</span> <span class="code-keyword">false</span>;
-    }
-
-    <span class="code-keyword">public</span> void shutdownApplication()
-    {
-        <span class="code-comment">// Shut down the felix framework when stopping the
-</span>        <span class="code-comment">// host application.
-</span>        m_felix.shutdown();
-    }
-}</pre>
-</div></div>
-
-<p>The above example is overly simplistic with respect to concurrency
-issues and error conditions, but it demonstrates the overall approach
-for using bundle-provided services from the host application. Note, to
-compile the above code you will need to compile against the Felix
-framework and Felix OSGi compendium JAR files, since the <tt>ServiceTracker</tt> classes are included in the compendium JAR file, not the framework JAR file.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-servicereflection"></a></p>
-
-<h3><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-UsingBundleServicesviaReflection"></a>Using Bundle Services via Reflection</h3>
-
-<p>It possible for the host application to use services provided by
-bundles without having access to the service interface classes and thus
-not needing to put the service interface classes on the class path. To
-do this, the host application uses the same general approach to acquire
-the system bundle context object, which it can use to look up service
-objects. Using either an LDAP filter or the service interface class
-name, the host application can retrieve the service object and then use
-standard Java reflection to invoke methods on the service object.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-caveat"></a></p>
-
-<h1><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-Caveat"></a>Caveat</h1>
-
-<p>The code in this document has not been thoroughly tested or even
-compiled and may be out of date with respect to the current Felix
-source code. If you find errors please report them so the that they can
-be corrected.</p>
-
-<p><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-feedback"></a></p>
-
-<h2><a name="LaunchingandEmbeddingApacheFelix-Feedback"></a>Feedback</h2>
-
-<p>Subscribe to the Felix users mailing list by sending a message to <span class="nobr"><a href="mailto:users-subscribe@felix.apache.org" title="Send mail to users-subscribe@felix.apache.org" rel="nofollow">users-subscribe@felix.apache.org<sup><img class="rendericon" src="launching-and-embedding-apache-felix_files/mail_small.gif" alt="" align="absmiddle" border="0" height="12" width="13"></sup></a></span>; after subscribing, email questions or feedback to <span class="nobr"><a href="mailto:users@felix.apache.org" title="Send mail to users@felix.apache.org" rel="nofollow">users@felix.apache.org<sup><img class="rendericon" src="launching-and-embedding-apache-felix_files/mail_small.gif" alt="" align="absmiddle" border="0" height="12" width="13"></sup></a></span>.</p>
-    </div>
-  
-</body></html>
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-h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { font-weight: normal; color: #000000; line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px}
-h1 { font-size: 200% }
-h2 { font-size: 175% }
-h3 { font-size: 150% }
-h4 { font-size: 140% }
-h5 { font-size: 130% }
-h6 { font-size: 120% }
-a { color: #1980af }
-a:visited { color: #1980af }
-a:hover { color: #1faae9 }
-.title { position: absolute; left: 1px; right: 1px; top:25px; height: 81px; background: url(http://felix.apache.org/site/media.data/gradient.png) repeat-x; background-position: bottom; }
-.logo { position: absolute; width: 15em; height: 81px; text-align: center; }
-.header { text-align: right; margin-right: 20pt; margin-top: 30pt;}
-.menu { border-top: 10px solid #f9bb00; position: absolute; top: 107px; left: 1px; width: 15em; bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: #fcfcfc }
-.menu ul { background-color: #fdf5d9; list-style: none; padding-left: 4em; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 2em; padding-bottom: 2em; margin-left: 0px; color: #4a4a43}
-.menu a { text-decoration: none; color: #4a4a43 }
-.main { position: absolute; border-top: 10px solid #cde0ea; top: 107px; left: 15em; right: 1px; margin-left: 2px; padding-right: 4em; padding-left: 1em; padding-top: 1em;}
-.code { background-color: #eeeeee; border: solid 1px black; padding: 0.5em }
-.code-keyword { color: #880000 }
-.code-quote { color: #008800 }
-.code-object { color: #0000dd }
-.code-java { margin: 0em }
\ No newline at end of file