bundleplugin/src/main/java/aQute/bnd/compatibility/Signatures.java - onos-felix - Gitiles

 /*
  * Copyright (c) OSGi Alliance (2009, 2010). All Rights Reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 package aQute.bnd.compatibility;

 import java.lang.reflect.*;
 import java.util.*;

 /**
  * This class is compiled against 1.5 or later to provide access to the generic
  * signatures. It can convert a Class, Field, Method or constructor to a generic
  * signature and it can normalize a signature. Both are methods. Normalized
  * signatures can be string compared and match even if the type variable names
  * differ.
  *
  * @version $Id$
  */
 public class Signatures {

 	/**
 	 * Check if the environment has generics, i.e. later than Java 5 VM.
 	 *
 	 * @return true if generics are supported
 	 * @throws Exception
 	 */
 	public boolean hasGenerics() throws Exception {
 		try {
 			call(Signatures.class, "getGenericSuperClass");
 			return true;
 		}
 		catch (NoSuchMethodException mnfe) {
 			return false;
 		}
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Helper class to track an index in a string.
 	 */
 	static class Rover {
 		final String	s;
 		int				i;

 		public Rover(String s) {
 			this.s = s;
 			i = 0;
 		}

 		char peek() {
 			return s.charAt(i);
 		}

 		char take() {
 			return s.charAt(i++);
 		}

 		char take(char c) {
 			char x = s.charAt(i++);
 			if (c != x)
 				throw new IllegalStateException("get() expected " + c + " but got + " + x);
 			return x;
 		}

 		public String upTo(String except) {
 			int start = i;
 			while (except.indexOf(peek()) < 0)
 				take();
 			return s.substring(start, i);
 		}

 		public boolean isEOF() {
 			return i >= s.length();
 		}

 	}

 	/**
 	 * Calculate the generic signature of a Class,Method,Field, or Constructor.
 	 *
 	 * @param f
 	 * @return
 	 * @throws Exception
 	 */
 	public String getSignature(Object c) throws Exception {
 		if (c instanceof Class< ? >)
 			return getSignature((Class< ? >) c);
 		if (c instanceof Constructor< ? >)
 			return getSignature((Constructor< ? >) c);
 		if (c instanceof Method)
 			return getSignature((Method) c);
 		if (c instanceof Field)
 			return getSignature((Field) c);

 		throw new IllegalArgumentException(c.toString());
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Calculate the generic signature of a Class. A Class consists of:
 	 *
 	 * <pre>
 	 * 	  class        ::= declaration? reference reference*
 	 * </pre>
 	 *
 	 * @param f
 	 * @return
 	 * @throws Exception
 	 */
 	public String getSignature(Class< ? > c) throws Exception {
 		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 		declaration(sb, c);
 		reference(sb, call(c, "getGenericSuperclass"));
 		for (Object type : (Object[]) call(c, "getGenericInterfaces")) {
 			reference(sb, type);
 		}
 		return sb.toString();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Calculate the generic signature of a Method. A Method consists of:
 	 *
 	 * <pre>
 	 *    method ::= declaration? '(' reference* ')' reference
 	 * </pre>
 	 *
 	 * @param c
 	 * @return
 	 * @throws Exception
 	 */
 	public String getSignature(Method m) throws Exception {
 		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 		declaration(sb, m);
 		sb.append('(');
 		for (Object type : (Object[]) call(m, "getGenericParameterTypes")) {
 			reference(sb, type);
 		}
 		sb.append(')');
 		reference(sb, call(m, "getGenericReturnType"));
 		return sb.toString();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Calculate the generic signature of a Constructor. A Constructor consists
 	 * of:
 	 *
 	 * <pre>
 	 *    constructor ::= declaration? '(' reference* ')V'
 	 * </pre>
 	 *
 	 * @param c
 	 * @return
 	 * @throws Exception
 	 */
 	public String getSignature(Constructor< ? > c) throws Exception {
 		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 		declaration(sb, c);
 		sb.append('(');
 		for (Object type : (Object[]) call(c, "getGenericParameterTypes")) {
 			reference(sb, type);
 		}
 		sb.append(')');
 		reference(sb, void.class);
 		return sb.toString();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Calculate the generic signature of a Field. A Field consists of:
 	 *
 	 * <pre>
 	 *    constructor ::= reference
 	 * </pre>
 	 *
 	 * @param c
 	 * @return
 	 * @throws Exception
 	 */
 	public String getSignature(Field f) throws Exception {
 		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 		Object t = call(f, "getGenericType");
 		reference(sb, t);
 		return sb.toString();
 	}

 /**
 	 * Classes, Methods, or Constructors can have a declaration that provides
 	 * nested a scope for type variables. A Method/Constructor inherits
 	 * the type variables from its class and a class inherits its type variables
 	 * from its outer class. The declaration consists of the following
 	 * syntax:
 	 * <pre>
 	 *    declarations ::= '<' declaration ( ',' declaration )* '>'
 	 *    declaration  ::= identifier ':' declare
 	 *    declare      ::= types | variable
 	 *    types        ::= ( 'L' class ';' )? ( ':' 'L' interface ';' )*
 	 *    variable     ::= 'T' id ';'
 	 * </pre>
 	 *
 	 * @param sb
 	 * @param gd
  * @throws Exception
 	 */
 	private void declaration(StringBuilder sb, Object gd) throws Exception {
 		Object[] typeParameters = (Object[]) call(gd, "getTypeParameters");
 		if (typeParameters.length > 0) {
 			sb.append('<');
 			for (Object tv : typeParameters) {
 				sb.append(call(tv, "getName"));

 				Object[] bounds = (Object[]) call(tv, "getBounds");
 				if (bounds.length > 0 && isInterface(bounds[0])) {
 					sb.append(':');
 				}
 				for (int i = 0; i < bounds.length; i++) {
 					sb.append(':');
 					reference(sb, bounds[i]);
 				}
 			}
 			sb.append('>');
 		}
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Verify that the type is an interface.
 	 *
 	 * @param type
 	 *            the type to check.
 	 * @return true if this is a class that is an interface or a Parameterized
 	 *         Type that is an interface
 	 * @throws Exception
 	 */
 	private boolean isInterface(Object type) throws Exception {
 		if (type instanceof Class)
 			return (((Class< ? >) type).isInterface());

 		if (isInstance(type.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType"))
 			return isInterface(call(type, "getRawType"));

 		return false;
 	}

 /**
 	 * This is the heart of the signature builder. A reference is used
 	 * in a lot of places. It referes to another type.
 	 * <pre>
 	 *   reference     ::= array | class | primitive | variable
 	 *   array         ::= '[' reference
 	 *   class         ::=  'L' body ( '.' body )* ';'
 	 *   body          ::=  id ( '<' ( wildcard | reference )* '>' )?
 	 *   variable      ::=  'T' id ';'
 	 *   primitive     ::= PRIMITIVE
 	 * </pre>
 	 *
 	 * @param sb
 	 * @param t
  * @throws Exception
 	 */
 	private void reference(StringBuilder sb, Object t) throws Exception {

 		if (isInstance(t.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType")) {
 			sb.append('L');
 			parameterizedType(sb, t);
 			sb.append(';');
 			return;
 		} else if (isInstance(t.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType")) {
 			sb.append('[');
 			reference(sb, call(t, "getGenericComponentType"));
 		} else if (isInstance(t.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.WildcardType")) {
 			Object[] lowerBounds = (Object[]) call(t, "getLowerBounds");
 			Object[] upperBounds = (Object[]) call(t, "getUpperBounds");

 			if (upperBounds.length == 1 && upperBounds[0] == Object.class)
 				upperBounds = new Object[0];

 			if (upperBounds.length != 0) {
 				// extend
 				for (Object upper : upperBounds) {
 					sb.append('+');
 					reference(sb, upper);
 				}
 			} else if (lowerBounds.length != 0) {
 				// super, can only be one by the language
 				for (Object lower : lowerBounds) {
 					sb.append('-');
 					reference(sb, lower);
 				}
 			} else
 				sb.append('*');
 		} else if (isInstance(t.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable")) {
 			sb.append('T');
 			sb.append(call(t, "getName"));
 			sb.append(';');
 		} else if (t instanceof Class< ? >) {
 			Class< ? > c = (Class< ? >) t;
 			if (c.isPrimitive()) {
 				sb.append(primitive(c));
 			} else {
 				sb.append('L');
 				String name = c.getName().replace('.', '/');
 				sb.append(name);
 				sb.append(';');
 			}
 		}
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Creates the signature for a Parameterized Type. A Parameterized Type has
 	 * a raw class and a set of type variables.
 	 *
 	 * @param sb
 	 * @param pt
 	 * @throws Exception
 	 */
 	private void parameterizedType(StringBuilder sb, Object pt) throws Exception {
 		Object owner = call(pt, "getOwnerType");
 		String name = ((Class< ? >) call(pt, "getRawType")).getName().replace('.', '/');
 		if (owner != null) {
 			if (isInstance(owner.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType"))
 				parameterizedType(sb, owner);
 			else
 				sb.append(((Class< ? >) owner).getName().replace('.', '/'));
 			sb.append('.');
 			int n = name.lastIndexOf('$');
 			name = name.substring(n + 1);
 		}
 		sb.append(name);

 		sb.append('<');
 		for (Object parameterType : (Object[]) call(pt, "getActualTypeArguments")) {
 			reference(sb, parameterType);
 		}
 		sb.append('>');

 	}

 	/**
 	 * Handle primitives, these need to be translated to a single char.
 	 *
 	 * @param type
 	 *            the primitive class
 	 * @return the single char associated with the primitive
 	 */
 	private char primitive(Class< ? > type) {
 		if (type == byte.class)
 			return 'B';
 		else if (type == char.class)
 			return 'C';
 		else if (type == double.class)
 			return 'D';
 		else if (type == float.class)
 			return 'F';
 		else if (type == int.class)
 			return 'I';
 		else if (type == long.class)
 			return 'J';
 		else if (type == short.class)
 			return 'S';
 		else if (type == boolean.class)
 			return 'Z';
 		else if (type == void.class)
 			return 'V';
 		else
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown primitive type " + type);
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Normalize a signature to make sure the name of the variables are always
 	 * the same. We change the names of the type variables to _n, where n is an
 	 * integer. n is incremented for every new name and already used names are
 	 * replaced with the _n name.
 	 *
 	 * @return a normalized signature
 	 */

 	public String normalize(String signature) {
 		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 		Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
 		Rover rover = new Rover(signature);
 		declare(sb, map, rover);

 		if (rover.peek() == '(') {
 			// method or constructor
 			sb.append(rover.take('('));
 			while (rover.peek() != ')') {
 				reference(sb, map, rover, true);
 			}
 			sb.append(rover.take(')'));
 			reference(sb, map, rover, true); // return type
 		} else {
 			// field or class
 			reference(sb, map, rover, true); // field type or super class
 			while (!rover.isEOF()) {
 				reference(sb, map, rover, true); // interfaces
 			}
 		}
 		return sb.toString();
 	}

 	/**
 	 * The heart of the routine. Handle a reference to a type. Can be an array,
 	 * a class, a type variable, or a primitive.
 	 *
 	 * @param sb
 	 * @param map
 	 * @param rover
 	 * @param primitivesAllowed
 	 */
 	private void reference(StringBuilder sb, Map<String,String> map, Rover rover, boolean primitivesAllowed) {

 		char type = rover.take();
 		sb.append(type);

 		if (type == '[') {
 			reference(sb, map, rover, true);
 		} else if (type == 'L') {
 			String fqnb = rover.upTo("<;.");
 			sb.append(fqnb);
 			body(sb, map, rover);
 			while (rover.peek() == '.') {
 				sb.append(rover.take('.'));
 				sb.append(rover.upTo("<;."));
 				body(sb, map, rover);
 			}
 			sb.append(rover.take(';'));
 		} else if (type == 'T') {
 			String name = rover.upTo(";");
 			name = assign(map, name);
 			sb.append(name);
 			sb.append(rover.take(';'));
 		} else {
 			if (!primitivesAllowed)
 				throw new IllegalStateException("Primitives are not allowed without an array");
 		}
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Because classes can be nested the body handles the part that can be
 	 * nested, the reference handles the enclosing L ... ;
 	 *
 	 * @param sb
 	 * @param map
 	 * @param rover
 	 */
 	private void body(StringBuilder sb, Map<String,String> map, Rover rover) {
 		if (rover.peek() == '<') {
 			sb.append(rover.take('<'));
 			while (rover.peek() != '>') {
 				switch (rover.peek()) {
 					case 'L' :
 					case '[' :
 						reference(sb, map, rover, false);
 						break;

 					case 'T' :
 						String name;
 						sb.append(rover.take('T')); // 'T'
 						name = rover.upTo(";");
 						sb.append(assign(map, name));
 						sb.append(rover.take(';'));
 						break;

 					case '+' : // extends
 					case '-' : // super
 						sb.append(rover.take());
 						reference(sb, map, rover, false);
 						break;

 					case '*' : // wildcard
 						sb.append(rover.take());
 						break;

 				}
 			}
 			sb.append(rover.take('>'));
 		}
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Handle the declaration part.
 	 *
 	 * @param sb
 	 * @param map
 	 * @param rover
 	 */
 	private void declare(StringBuilder sb, Map<String,String> map, Rover rover) {
 		char c = rover.peek();
 		if (c == '<') {
 			sb.append(rover.take('<'));

 			while (rover.peek() != '>') {
 				String name = rover.upTo(":");
 				name = assign(map, name);
 				sb.append(name);
 				typeVar: while (rover.peek() == ':') {
 					sb.append(rover.take(':'));
 					switch (rover.peek()) {
 						case ':' : // empty class cases
 							continue typeVar;

 						default :
 							reference(sb, map, rover, false);
 							break;
 					}
 				}
 			}
 			sb.append(rover.take('>'));
 		}
 	}

 	/**
 	 * Handles the assignment of type variables to index names so that we have a
 	 * normalized name for each type var.
 	 *
 	 * @param map
 	 *            the map with variables.
 	 * @param name
 	 *            The name of the variable
 	 * @return the index name, like _1
 	 */
 	private String assign(Map<String,String> map, String name) {
 		if (map.containsKey(name))
 			return map.get(name);
 		else {
 			int n = map.size();
 			map.put(name, "_" + n);
 			return "_" + n;
 		}
 	}

 	private boolean isInstance(Class< ? > type, String string) {
 		if (type == null)
 			return false;

 		if (type.getName().equals(string))
 			return true;

 		if (isInstance(type.getSuperclass(), string))
 			return true;

 		for (Class< ? > intf : type.getInterfaces()) {
 			if (isInstance(intf, string))
 				return true;
 		}
 		return false;
 	}

 	private Object call(Object gd, String string) throws Exception {
 		Method m = gd.getClass().getMethod(string);
 		return m.invoke(gd);
 	}

 }
	/*
	* Copyright (c) OSGi Alliance (2009, 2010). All Rights Reserved.
	*
	* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	* You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	* limitations under the License.
	*/

	package aQute.bnd.compatibility;

	import java.lang.reflect.*;
	import java.util.*;

	/**
	* This class is compiled against 1.5 or later to provide access to the generic
	* signatures. It can convert a Class, Field, Method or constructor to a generic
	* signature and it can normalize a signature. Both are methods. Normalized
	* signatures can be string compared and match even if the type variable names
	* differ.
	*
	* @version $Id$
	*/
	public class Signatures {

	/**
	* Check if the environment has generics, i.e. later than Java 5 VM.
	*
	* @return true if generics are supported
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public boolean hasGenerics() throws Exception {
	try {
	call(Signatures.class, "getGenericSuperClass");
	return true;
	}
	catch (NoSuchMethodException mnfe) {
	return false;
	}
	}

	/**
	* Helper class to track an index in a string.
	*/
	static class Rover {
	final String s;
	int i;

	public Rover(String s) {
	this.s = s;
	i = 0;
	}

	char peek() {
	return s.charAt(i);
	}

	char take() {
	return s.charAt(i++);
	}

	char take(char c) {
	char x = s.charAt(i++);
	if (c != x)
	throw new IllegalStateException("get() expected " + c + " but got + " + x);
	return x;
	}

	public String upTo(String except) {
	int start = i;
	while (except.indexOf(peek()) < 0)
	take();
	return s.substring(start, i);
	}

	public boolean isEOF() {
	return i >= s.length();
	}

	}

	/**
	* Calculate the generic signature of a Class,Method,Field, or Constructor.
	*
	* @param f
	* @return
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public String getSignature(Object c) throws Exception {
	if (c instanceof Class< ? >)
	return getSignature((Class< ? >) c);
	if (c instanceof Constructor< ? >)
	return getSignature((Constructor< ? >) c);
	if (c instanceof Method)
	return getSignature((Method) c);
	if (c instanceof Field)
	return getSignature((Field) c);

	throw new IllegalArgumentException(c.toString());
	}

	/**
	* Calculate the generic signature of a Class. A Class consists of:
	*
	* <pre>
	* class ::= declaration? reference reference*
	* </pre>
	*
	* @param f
	* @return
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public String getSignature(Class< ? > c) throws Exception {
	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
	declaration(sb, c);
	reference(sb, call(c, "getGenericSuperclass"));
	for (Object type : (Object[]) call(c, "getGenericInterfaces")) {
	reference(sb, type);
	}
	return sb.toString();
	}

	/**
	* Calculate the generic signature of a Method. A Method consists of:
	*
	* <pre>
	* method ::= declaration? '(' reference* ')' reference
	* </pre>
	*
	* @param c
	* @return
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public String getSignature(Method m) throws Exception {
	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
	declaration(sb, m);
	sb.append('(');
	for (Object type : (Object[]) call(m, "getGenericParameterTypes")) {
	reference(sb, type);
	}
	sb.append(')');
	reference(sb, call(m, "getGenericReturnType"));
	return sb.toString();
	}

	/**
	* Calculate the generic signature of a Constructor. A Constructor consists
	* of:
	*
	* <pre>
	* constructor ::= declaration? '(' reference* ')V'
	* </pre>
	*
	* @param c
	* @return
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public String getSignature(Constructor< ? > c) throws Exception {
	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
	declaration(sb, c);
	sb.append('(');
	for (Object type : (Object[]) call(c, "getGenericParameterTypes")) {
	reference(sb, type);
	}
	sb.append(')');
	reference(sb, void.class);
	return sb.toString();
	}

	/**
	* Calculate the generic signature of a Field. A Field consists of:
	*
	* <pre>
	* constructor ::= reference
	* </pre>
	*
	* @param c
	* @return
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public String getSignature(Field f) throws Exception {
	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
	Object t = call(f, "getGenericType");
	reference(sb, t);
	return sb.toString();
	}

	/**
	* Classes, Methods, or Constructors can have a declaration that provides
	* nested a scope for type variables. A Method/Constructor inherits
	* the type variables from its class and a class inherits its type variables
	* from its outer class. The declaration consists of the following
	* syntax:
	* <pre>
	* declarations ::= '<' declaration ( ',' declaration )* '>'
	* declaration ::= identifier ':' declare
	* declare ::= types \| variable
	* types ::= ( 'L' class ';' )? ( ':' 'L' interface ';' )*
	* variable ::= 'T' id ';'
	* </pre>
	*
	* @param sb
	* @param gd
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	private void declaration(StringBuilder sb, Object gd) throws Exception {
	Object[] typeParameters = (Object[]) call(gd, "getTypeParameters");
	if (typeParameters.length > 0) {
	sb.append('<');
	for (Object tv : typeParameters) {
	sb.append(call(tv, "getName"));

	Object[] bounds = (Object[]) call(tv, "getBounds");
	if (bounds.length > 0 && isInterface(bounds[0])) {
	sb.append(':');
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < bounds.length; i++) {
	sb.append(':');
	reference(sb, bounds[i]);
	}
	}
	sb.append('>');
	}
	}

	/**
	* Verify that the type is an interface.
	*
	* @param type
	* the type to check.
	* @return true if this is a class that is an interface or a Parameterized
	* Type that is an interface
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	private boolean isInterface(Object type) throws Exception {
	if (type instanceof Class)
	return (((Class< ? >) type).isInterface());

	if (isInstance(type.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType"))
	return isInterface(call(type, "getRawType"));

	return false;
	}

	/**
	* This is the heart of the signature builder. A reference is used
	* in a lot of places. It referes to another type.
	* <pre>
	* reference ::= array \| class \| primitive \| variable
	* array ::= '[' reference
	* class ::= 'L' body ( '.' body )* ';'
	* body ::= id ( '<' ( wildcard \| reference )* '>' )?
	* variable ::= 'T' id ';'
	* primitive ::= PRIMITIVE
	* </pre>
	*
	* @param sb
	* @param t
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	private void reference(StringBuilder sb, Object t) throws Exception {

	if (isInstance(t.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType")) {
	sb.append('L');
	parameterizedType(sb, t);
	sb.append(';');
	return;
	} else if (isInstance(t.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType")) {
	sb.append('[');
	reference(sb, call(t, "getGenericComponentType"));
	} else if (isInstance(t.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.WildcardType")) {
	Object[] lowerBounds = (Object[]) call(t, "getLowerBounds");
	Object[] upperBounds = (Object[]) call(t, "getUpperBounds");

	if (upperBounds.length == 1 && upperBounds[0] == Object.class)
	upperBounds = new Object[0];

	if (upperBounds.length != 0) {
	// extend
	for (Object upper : upperBounds) {
	sb.append('+');
	reference(sb, upper);
	}
	} else if (lowerBounds.length != 0) {
	// super, can only be one by the language
	for (Object lower : lowerBounds) {
	sb.append('-');
	reference(sb, lower);
	}
	} else
	sb.append('*');
	} else if (isInstance(t.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable")) {
	sb.append('T');
	sb.append(call(t, "getName"));
	sb.append(';');
	} else if (t instanceof Class< ? >) {
	Class< ? > c = (Class< ? >) t;
	if (c.isPrimitive()) {
	sb.append(primitive(c));
	} else {
	sb.append('L');
	String name = c.getName().replace('.', '/');
	sb.append(name);
	sb.append(';');
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* Creates the signature for a Parameterized Type. A Parameterized Type has
	* a raw class and a set of type variables.
	*
	* @param sb
	* @param pt
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	private void parameterizedType(StringBuilder sb, Object pt) throws Exception {
	Object owner = call(pt, "getOwnerType");
	String name = ((Class< ? >) call(pt, "getRawType")).getName().replace('.', '/');
	if (owner != null) {
	if (isInstance(owner.getClass(), "java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType"))
	parameterizedType(sb, owner);
	else
	sb.append(((Class< ? >) owner).getName().replace('.', '/'));
	sb.append('.');
	int n = name.lastIndexOf('$');
	name = name.substring(n + 1);
	}
	sb.append(name);

	sb.append('<');
	for (Object parameterType : (Object[]) call(pt, "getActualTypeArguments")) {
	reference(sb, parameterType);
	}
	sb.append('>');

	}

	/**
	* Handle primitives, these need to be translated to a single char.
	*
	* @param type
	* the primitive class
	* @return the single char associated with the primitive
	*/
	private char primitive(Class< ? > type) {
	if (type == byte.class)
	return 'B';
	else if (type == char.class)
	return 'C';
	else if (type == double.class)
	return 'D';
	else if (type == float.class)
	return 'F';
	else if (type == int.class)
	return 'I';
	else if (type == long.class)
	return 'J';
	else if (type == short.class)
	return 'S';
	else if (type == boolean.class)
	return 'Z';
	else if (type == void.class)
	return 'V';
	else
	throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown primitive type " + type);
	}

	/**
	* Normalize a signature to make sure the name of the variables are always
	* the same. We change the names of the type variables to _n, where n is an
	* integer. n is incremented for every new name and already used names are
	* replaced with the _n name.
	*
	* @return a normalized signature
	*/

	public String normalize(String signature) {
	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
	Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
	Rover rover = new Rover(signature);
	declare(sb, map, rover);

	if (rover.peek() == '(') {
	// method or constructor
	sb.append(rover.take('('));
	while (rover.peek() != ')') {
	reference(sb, map, rover, true);
	}
	sb.append(rover.take(')'));
	reference(sb, map, rover, true); // return type
	} else {
	// field or class
	reference(sb, map, rover, true); // field type or super class
	while (!rover.isEOF()) {
	reference(sb, map, rover, true); // interfaces
	}
	}
	return sb.toString();
	}

	/**
	* The heart of the routine. Handle a reference to a type. Can be an array,
	* a class, a type variable, or a primitive.
	*
	* @param sb
	* @param map
	* @param rover
	* @param primitivesAllowed
	*/
	private void reference(StringBuilder sb, Map<String,String> map, Rover rover, boolean primitivesAllowed) {

	char type = rover.take();
	sb.append(type);

	if (type == '[') {
	reference(sb, map, rover, true);
	} else if (type == 'L') {
	String fqnb = rover.upTo("<;.");
	sb.append(fqnb);
	body(sb, map, rover);
	while (rover.peek() == '.') {
	sb.append(rover.take('.'));
	sb.append(rover.upTo("<;."));
	body(sb, map, rover);
	}
	sb.append(rover.take(';'));
	} else if (type == 'T') {
	String name = rover.upTo(";");
	name = assign(map, name);
	sb.append(name);
	sb.append(rover.take(';'));
	} else {
	if (!primitivesAllowed)
	throw new IllegalStateException("Primitives are not allowed without an array");
	}
	}

	/**
	* Because classes can be nested the body handles the part that can be
	* nested, the reference handles the enclosing L ... ;
	*
	* @param sb
	* @param map
	* @param rover
	*/
	private void body(StringBuilder sb, Map<String,String> map, Rover rover) {
	if (rover.peek() == '<') {
	sb.append(rover.take('<'));
	while (rover.peek() != '>') {
	switch (rover.peek()) {
	case 'L' :
	case '[' :
	reference(sb, map, rover, false);
	break;

	case 'T' :
	String name;
	sb.append(rover.take('T')); // 'T'
	name = rover.upTo(";");
	sb.append(assign(map, name));
	sb.append(rover.take(';'));
	break;

	case '+' : // extends
	case '-' : // super
	sb.append(rover.take());
	reference(sb, map, rover, false);
	break;

	case '*' : // wildcard
	sb.append(rover.take());
	break;

	}
	}
	sb.append(rover.take('>'));
	}
	}

	/**
	* Handle the declaration part.
	*
	* @param sb
	* @param map
	* @param rover
	*/
	private void declare(StringBuilder sb, Map<String,String> map, Rover rover) {
	char c = rover.peek();
	if (c == '<') {
	sb.append(rover.take('<'));

	while (rover.peek() != '>') {
	String name = rover.upTo(":");
	name = assign(map, name);
	sb.append(name);
	typeVar: while (rover.peek() == ':') {
	sb.append(rover.take(':'));
	switch (rover.peek()) {
	case ':' : // empty class cases
	continue typeVar;

	default :
	reference(sb, map, rover, false);
	break;
	}
	}
	}
	sb.append(rover.take('>'));
	}
	}

	/**
	* Handles the assignment of type variables to index names so that we have a
	* normalized name for each type var.
	*
	* @param map
	* the map with variables.
	* @param name
	* The name of the variable
	* @return the index name, like _1
	*/
	private String assign(Map<String,String> map, String name) {
	if (map.containsKey(name))
	return map.get(name);
	else {
	int n = map.size();
	map.put(name, "_" + n);
	return "_" + n;
	}
	}

	private boolean isInstance(Class< ? > type, String string) {
	if (type == null)
	return false;

	if (type.getName().equals(string))
	return true;

	if (isInstance(type.getSuperclass(), string))
	return true;

	for (Class< ? > intf : type.getInterfaces()) {
	if (isInstance(intf, string))
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}

	private Object call(Object gd, String string) throws Exception {
	Method m = gd.getClass().getMethod(string);
	return m.invoke(gd);
	}

	}